Force Majeure条款是一种免责条款,即免除由于不可抗力事件而违约的一方的违约责任。一般应规定的内容包括:不可抗力事件的定义(Definition of Force Majeure)以及不可抗力事件的后果(Consequences of Force Majeure) 。在Force Majeure条款中,两者属于因果关系,难以截然分开。
对于Force Majeure的定义,《合同法》定义如下:
本法所称不可抗力,是指不能预见、不能避免并不能克服的客观情况。
For purposes of this Law, force majeure means any objective circumstance, which is unforeseeable, unavoidable and insurmountable.
以下是实际英语合同中的Force Majeure条款部分的实例列举:
1. Neither party of this Agreement, directly or indirectly owing to any causes or circumstances beyond its control, including Acts of God, Governmental orders or restriction, war, warlike conditions, revolutions, strike, lockout, fire and flood.
本合同任何一方当事人对直接或间接地由于其无法控制的原因或情况包括自然灾害、政府命令或限制、战争、战争状态、革命、罢工、工厂被关闭、火灾、水灾等而未能履行或延迟履行合同或合同一部分的行为,不负任何责任。
注: Acts of God通常也译为“不可抗力”,但主要是指自然灾害;而Force Majeure则包括自然及人为两方面。
2. Neither party will be liable for nondelivery, misdelivery or late delivery (other than the payment of money due hereunder) caused by circumstances beyond its reasonable control, including, among others, war, civil strife or commotion, riots, strikes, fires, floods, acts of God, inability to obtain materials, failure of carriers or compliance with any law, regulation or governmental order.
任何当事人将不会为任何因为不可控制的情况产生的未交付货物、交付错误或延迟交货(除了支付应付款)。不可控制的情况包括战争、国内斗争或暴乱、骚乱、罢工、火灾、洪灾、自然灾害、无力获得材料、承运人的失误、遵守法律、法规或政府令。
3. Should either of the parties to the contract by prevented from executing the contract by force majeure, such as earthquake, typhoon, flood, fire and war and other unforeseen events, and their happening and consequences are unpreventable and unavoidable, the prevented party shall notify the other party by cable without any delay, and within 15 days thereafter provide the detailed information of the events and a valid document for evidence issued by the relevant public notary organization for explaining the reason of its inability to execute or delay the execution of all or part of the contract. Both parties shall, through consolations, decide whether to terminate the contract or to exempt the part of obligations for implementation of the contract or whether to delay the execution of the contract according to the effects of the events on the performance of the contract.
由 于地震、台风、水灾、火灾、战争以及其它不能预见并且对其发生和后果不能防止或避免的不可抗力事件出现,致使直接影响合同的履行或者不能按约定的条件履行 时,遇有上述不可抗力的一方,应立即电报通知对方,并应在十五天内,提供不可抗力详情及合同不能履行、或者部分不履行、或者需要延期履行的理由的有效证明 文件。此项证明文件应由事故发生地有权证明的机构出具。按其对履行合同影响的程度,由双方协商决定是否解除合同,或者部分履行合同,或者延期履行合同。
4. Force majeure shall hereof consist of the following events:
Where such cases as war, earthquake, serious windstorms, snow, or fire or other events which no party can foresee and prevent from happening occur;
The related laws and regulations in collection with the execution of duties by any party to this Agreement undergo changes, under which this Agreement will be illegal or the transfer cannot be fulfilled.
In event of the occurrence of the above-mentioned events, if any party (hereinafter referred to as the “Effected Party ”) has been delayed or deterred from performing the duties of this Agreement in the course of its execution, the Affected Party shall be free from any liabilities for breach of the agreement and for compensation.
In event of the force majeure, the affected party shall, within _____days from the date of the occurrence, notify the other party of the impact of such events on the execution of the duties in this Agreement, by telex, telegraph or in any other lawful written form, and simultaneously submit the relevant official credentials concerning the force majeure herein.
Should the effect of the force majeure cases last more than _____ days, both parties shall consult each other about the alterations of this Agreement; in case they fail to reach an agreement, Chapter 8 shall thereupon apply.
下述事件构成不可抗力:
发生战争、地震、严重的风灾、雪灾、火灾或其他各方无法预见、无法抗拒的事故。
自本协议签订之日起与本协议任何一方履行本协议相关的法律、法规发生变更致使本协议非法或转让行为无法完成。
在发生本协议不可抗力事件之后,任何一方(以下简称受影响方)在履行本协议义务时受到拖延或不能履行时,受影响方不承担任何违约责任及赔偿责任。
在发生不可抗力事件时,受影响方应自不可抗力事件发生之日起_____天内以电传或电报或其他任何合理书面方式,通知另一方有关不可抗力的发生和不可抗力对其履行本协议的义务的影响,同时应呈交不可抗力的有关官方证明。
在不可抗力事件延续_____天后,双方必须磋商本协议的变更,双方未能协商一致的,适用本协议第八章的规定。
5. Force Majeure不可抗力
(1) No party to this Contract shall be liable to the other party for any failure of or delay in performance of its obligations hereof nor be deemed to be in breach of this Contract, if such failure or delay has arisen from "force majeure."
如果任何一方因不可抗力而款能履行或推迟履行其义务,则不对另一方负责,也不应视作违反合同。
"Force Majeure" means circumstances and conditions beyond the control of either parties, that would render it impossible for either the Owner or the Contractor to fulfill their obligations under this Contract, or delay such fulfillment. Any of the following matters are considered "force majeure."
“不可抗力”指业主或承包商无法控制的情况,使当事人未能按本合同履行其义务,或者不得不延迟履行其义务。下列情况均被视作“不可抗力”:
a. war, hostilities, act of foreign enemy, invasion, warlike opera-tions (whether war to be declared or not) or civil war;
b. mutiny, civil commotion assuming the proportions of or amounting to a popular rising, military rising, insurrection, rebellion, revolution, military or usurped power, or any act of any person acting on behalf of or in connection with any organization with activities directed towards the overthrow by force of the Government de jure or de facto, or to the influencing of it by terrorism or violence;
c. earthquake, flood, fire or other natural physical disaster;
d. denial of the use of all ports, airports, shipping services or other means of public transport;
e. strike or lock out or other industrial concerted action by workers, affecting the fulfillment of Contractor's and subcontractors' obligations;
f. and other unforeseen circumstances beyond the control of the parties so affected rendering the fulfillment of their obligations impossible.
a. 战争、敌对事件、外敌行动、入侵、类似战争的军事行动(不管是事宣战)、内战;
b. 士兵哗变、民众暴乱、军事叛乱、起义、造反、革命、篡权、或者任何个人代表某个组织或与某个组织有联系、旨在以暴力推翻合法或现存政府、或以恐怖主义或暴力对政府施加影响的行为;
c. 地震、洪水、火灾或其他自然灾害;
d. 所有港口、机场、船运或其他公共交通工具的使用均遭拒绝;
e. 工人罢工、工厂停工、或其他的劳工联合行动,影响了承包商和分包商履行其义务;
f. 当事人无法控制、从而使其不能履行义务的其他任何意外情况。
If either party to this Contract is prevented or delayed from or in performing any of his obligations under this Contract by force majeure, then he may notify the other party of the circumstances constituting the force majeure and of the obligation performance of which is thereby delayed or prevented and the party giving the notice shall thereupon be excused from the performance or punctual performance, as the case may be, of such obligation for so long as the circumstances of prevention or delay may continue.
如果本合同任何一方因不可抗力不能或延迟履行本合同规定的任何义务,他可将不可抗力和由此造成的延迟或妨碍情况通知另一方。发出通知的一方允许根据具体情况及妨碍或延迟持续的时间免于履行或推迟履行合同。
If by virtue of the preceding sub-clause dither party shall be excused from the performance or punctual performance of any obligation for a continuous period of ________ months, then either party may at any time thereafter terminate this Contract by giving a written notice to the other party.
根据本第款第3分条规定,如果任何一方免于履行或推迟履行其义务的时间持续了____个月,那么任何一方都可随时向另一方发出书面通知,终止本合同。