股票和债券都是有价证券,是证券市场上的两大主要金融工具,今天就来分析一下二者的异同:
股票(stock)是一种有价证券,是股份公司在筹集资本时向出资人发行的股份凭证,代表着其持有者(即股东)对股份公司的所有权,购买股票也是购买企业生意的一部分,即可和企业共同成长发展。这种所有权为一种综合权利,如参加股东大会、投票表决、参与公司的重大决策、收取股息或分享红利差价等,但也要共同承担公司运作错误所带来的风险。获取经常性收入是投资者购买股票的重要原因之一,分红派息是股票投资者经常性收入的主要来源。其英文释义为:Stock (also capital stock) of a corporation, is all of the shares into which ownership of the corporation is divided. In American English, the shares are collectively known as “stock”.A single share of the stock represents fractional ownership of the corporation in proportion to the total number of shares. This typically entitles the stockholder to that fraction of the company’s earnings, proceeds from liquidation of assets (after discharge of all senior claims such as secured and unsecured debt), or voting power, often dividing these up in proportion to the amount of money each stockholder has invested.
债券(Bonds / debenture)是一种有价证券,是政府、金融机构、工商企业等直接向社会借债筹借资金时,向投资者发行,同时承诺按一定利率支付利息并按约定条件偿还本金的债权债务凭证。债券的本质是债的证明书,具有法律效力。债券购买者或投资者与发行者之间是一种债权债务关系,债券发行人即债务人,投资者(债券购买者)即债权人。其英文释义为:A bond is a fixed income instrument that represents a loan made by an investor to a borrower (typically corporate or governmental). A bond could be thought of as an I.O.U. between the lender and borrower that includes the details of the loan and its payments. Bonds are used by companies, municipalities, states, and sovereign governments to finance projects and operations. Owners of bonds are debtholders, or creditors, of the issuer. Bond details include the end date when the principal of the loan is due to be paid to the bond owner and usually includes the terms for variable or fixed interest payments made by the borrower.
二者的主要区别有:
(1)发行主体不同,债券国家、公共团体、股份公司和有限公司都可以发行,但股票只能是股份公司发行;
(2)风险不同,债券购买者的投资风险小于股票购买者。无论公司经营好坏,只要没有宣布破产,就必须足额支付债券持有人的债券到期本息。债券到期可还本付息,末到期则可以在债券市场上买卖转让;股票则只能在股票市场上买卖转让,不可以退股还本;
(3)收益稳定性不同,债券是购买之前,利率已定,到期就可以获得固定利息,而不管发行债券的公司经营获利与否。股票是在购买之前不定股息率,股息收入随股份公司的盈利情况变动而变动,盈利多就多得,盈利少就少得,无盈利不得;
(4)代表的权利不同,债券持有人(债权人)享有的是债券,股票持有人(股东)享有的是股东权利。
二者的相同点为:
(1)二者都是有价证券、要式证券、流通证券、融资证券、证权证券;
(2)二者都可以向不特定社会主体发行;
(3)二者的发行、交易,都必须实行公开、公平、公正的原则。
双语例句:
(1)“Control Documents” means the following set of contracts entered into by the WFOE with each of the Domestic Companies and its shareholders or issued by other related parties: an Exclusive Technology Consulting and Service Agreement, an Equity Pledge Agreement, a Share Option Agreement, an Operating Agreement, a Power of Attorney and a Spouse Consent Letter.
“控制文件”是指外商独资公司与各内资公司及其股东签订的或由其他相关当事人签发的以下一组合同:独家技术咨询与服务协议、股权质押协议、股票期权协议、经营协议、授权书和配偶同意书。
(2)If it is a stock (or other security, including a adjustment bond), you can borrow it and agree to sell the stock to someone at some specified date in the future at a specified price.
如果是一支股票(或者其他证券,如调整债券),你可以从别处融券(借股票),并同意在未来某个指定日期、以某个指定价格卖给某人。
(3)Optimizing asset-liability ratio is one of object of selection financing facility by corporate, and that adjustment bond is the ideal facility of adjustment of target asset-liability ratio.
公司选择融资工具的目的之一是优化资产负债率,而调整债券是调节公司资产负债率的理想工具。