为何互联网巨头应该惧怕欧洲 | 外刊精读

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今天精读的文章来自The Economist上周发布的一篇社论文章:Why big tech should fear Europe(为何互联网巨头应该惧怕欧洲)



在很多人印象中,欧洲并不是一个互联网沃土。目前全球前20大互联网公司基本被中美瓜分,欧洲仅有一家。但欧洲在互联网法规制定上可能比起其他国家更有优势,欧洲制定的互联网法规可能会引领互联网的未来。我节选了这篇文章几段精华段落进行分析:




在不少人眼里,美国代表着创新与进步,欧洲代表着落后与守旧,这一点在科技行业是成立的。全球最大的前20家互联网公司中,欧洲只占了一席。



“The birthday of a new world is at hand.” Ever since Thomas Paine penned those words in 1776, America has seen itself as the land of the new—and Europe as a continent stuck in the past. Nowhere is that truer than in the tech industry.


文章开头引用了美国著名思想家以及开国元勋Thomas Paine(托马斯·潘恩)的名言 "The birthday of a new world is at hand."(一个新世界即将诞生)。在此之后,美国一直将自己视为创新之地,而欧洲大陆则因循守旧。关于这一点,没有哪个行业比科技行业更加突出。


文章通过引用名人名言来引入话题,这种写法非常自然且准确。引用名人名言也是很多文章常见的开头手法,比如The Economist以前在报道英国的网购现状时,用了这样的开头:



拿破仑原话是 "England is a nation of shopkeepers." 以此来讽刺英国人软弱无能,都是小商人。文章化用了这句话引入了网购的话题,读起来很巧妙。


此外,句子中Nowhere is…than... 这一个很好用的比较句式,可以用来强调某事物最为突出,某问题最为严重等等。比如:


(1) Nowhere is drug abuse more of a problem than in the US. 没有什么地方毒品滥用问题比美国更严重。


(2) Nowhere is the effect of global warming more apparent than in the polar regions. 全球变暖对南北极地区的影响最为显著。



Silicon Valley is where the brainiest ideas meet the smartest money.


这句话的意思是“硅谷是最聪明的想法与最聪明的钱汇集的地方”。这里brainiest是brainy的最高级,brainiest和smartest 是近义词,用在这里可以增加用词多样性。



America is also where the debate rages loudly over how to tame the tech giants, so that they act in the public interest.


句子中in the public interest是一个固定表达,意思是“为了公众的利益”(to be good or necessary for the safety or success of a country and its people),比如新概念英语3第53课的标题就是In the public interest


该表达在议论文中使用很广泛,举个例子,在阐述媒体的作用时,可以说:


The news media is important in modern society because it can make sure those in power behave appropriately and draw attention to issues that are in the public interest.




虽然欧洲的互联网产业不能和美国的相比,但欧洲在互联网法规(比如用户隐私保护)上处于领先地位。



Yet if you want to understand where the world’s most powerful industry is heading,look not to Washington and California, but to Brussels and Berlin.


这句话的意思是:然而,如果你想了解这个世界上最强大行业的发展方向,那么不要选择华盛顿和加利福尼亚,而应该关注布鲁塞尔和柏林。


这句话提供了一个句式:If you want to…look not to…but to…(如果你想要……那么不要选择……而应该关注……)。举个例子:


If you want to find out what the next global financial centers will be like, look not to London and New York, but to Shanghai and Hong Kong.



In an inversion of the rule of thumb, while America dithers the European Union is acting.


这句话的意思是:与传统的经验法则相反,美国在犹豫不决的同时欧洲已经开始在行动。


The rule of thumb是一个常见的固定搭配,意思是“经验之谈,经验法则”(a principle that is believed and followed and that is based on the way something usually happens or is done),比如:As a rule of thumb, stocks that involve greater risk also have the potential of earning you more money.



If the doctrine works, it could benefit millions of users, boost the economy and constrain tech giants that have gathered immense power without a commensurate sense of responsibility.


前面讲到欧洲目前正在推进互联网监管原则,这些原则能够让用户对自己的信息以及这些信息的价值有更多控制权,以及开放市场竞争。如果这些原则能够起作用,那么它会使数以百万计的用户受益,刺激经济增长以及对科技巨头形成限制。


句子中a commensurate sense of responsibility这一用法非常棒,它的意思是“与……相称的,相当的”(matching something in size, quality, or length of time),举个例子,法律中有个“罪刑相当”的说法,用英文表达即 The punishment should be commensurate with the offense.

又比如要表达“与技能和经验相称的薪水”,可以说 a salary that is commensurate with skills and experience


回到句子中tech giants that have gathered immense power without a commensurate sense of responsibility 意即“拥有巨大权力却没有与之相匹配责任感的科技巨头”。




西方的监管者以前就曾对科技进行过反垄断调查,但随着新技术的崛起,更多问题浮现了出来,比如在人工智能时代如何处理用户的信息。



Western regulators have had showdowns over antitrust with tech firms before, including IBM in the 1960s and Microsoft in the 1990s.


这句话的意思是:西方监管机构之前已经对科技公司的反垄断进行过摊牌,包括20世纪60年代的IBM和20世纪90年代的微软。


这里showdown意思是“摊牌,最后的较量”(an argument, a fight or a test that will settle a disagreement that has lasted for a long time)。比如:Britain has a World Cup showdown with Australia next month. 下个月英国队和澳大利亚队将有一场世界杯的决战。



But today’s giants are accused not just of capturing huge rents and stifling competition, but also of worse sins…


这里rents不是指“房租”,而是指“(平台)租借费,使用费”,比如创业公司使用亚马逊的云服务器需要付钱,这部分费用就称为rents


此外,这个句子中还有一个值得注意的句型XX is accused not just of…but also of… (XX不仅被指责……而被指责……),举个例子,近些年来越来越多人开始反对使用塑料,因为它们不仅破坏环境,还对人类健康造成危害,可以说:


In recent years there has been a backlash against the use of plastics, as they are accused not just of polluting the environment, but also of posing a threat to human health.




这一段开头先提出了一个观点:欧盟能够引领互联网未来这一点对许多企业高管而言似乎很奇怪。接下来作者对这一观点进行反驳,阐述了欧洲为什么能够引领互联网未来的原因:欧洲是各大科技巨头的重要市场,欧洲的经验很容易被其他地方借鉴,欧洲更加注意隐私,欧洲的监管者不易受巨头游说影响,欧洲在监管上立场更加客观公正。



The idea of the EU taking the lead on these questions will seem bizarre to many executives who view it as an entrepreneurial wasteland and the spiritual home of bureaucracy.


这句话的意思是:欧盟在这些问题上起带头作用的想法对许多企业高管而言似乎很奇怪,这些高管将欧盟视为创业荒地和官僚主义的精神家园。


句子中wasteland意思是“荒漠(喻指精神、文化生活贫乏的地方、状况或时期)”,比如要表“这座城市是一片文化荒漠”,可以说:This city is a cultural wasteland.


这里也可以学习一个句型:The idea of…will seem…to XX who… 举个例子,当前很多年轻人频繁跳槽,这一做法对老一辈人来说是不可理解的,可以说:


The idea of changing jobs frequently will seem outlandish to the older generation who have spent their entire working life at the same position. In fact, young people today are better educated than previous generations, and they have much higher expectations of what they can expect from the job market. If they do not feel valued in the workplace, they will not think twice about changing jobs.



Europe’s lack of tech firms helps it take a more objective stance.


这句话的意思是:欧洲缺乏科技公司这一点使得它在处理互联网事务时能够采取更加公正的立场。


Take a XX stance是一个固定搭配,意思是“采取XX样的立场”,比如:


The government has taken a tough stance on gun control in the wake of several severe mass shootings. 



总结:


今天我们学习了以下几个重点句型和表达:


(1) Nowhere is…than... 


(2) in the public interest


(3) If you want to…look not to…but to…


(4) XX is accused not just of…but also of… 


(5) The idea of…will seem…to XX who…


(6) Take a XX stance


感兴趣的同学可以使用这些句型造句以加深印象。

发布于 2020-11-09 10:42:53
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