本期精读的文章来自The Economist商业板块的报道 Encouraging “purposeful” business
企业在追求利润的同时是否还应该承担社会责任?这是一个争议已久的话题。英国科学院在2018年曾经发布过一份报告,主张公司应该以追求社会价值为主。最近它又发布了第二份报告解释如何执行这一原则,但这份报告中不合理之处有很多。作者在这篇文章中对第二份报告进行了全面驳斥,文章写得非常精彩,其中有很多值得学习的语言点。下面是全文分析:
首段介绍了文章背景:学术机构试图重新定义资本主义,将企业盈利和追求社会价值结合起来,但要做到这一点很难。
Reinventing capitalism is all the rage. The British Academy, a scholarly body, issued a provocative report in 2018 arguing for the replacement of profit-focused shareholder capitalism with a system in which corporations embrace social purpose.
重塑资本主义的思潮非常流行。英国科学院这一学术机构在2018年发布了一份充满争议的报告,主张以公司拥抱社会宗旨的体系取代以利润为中心的股东资本主义。
开头直接点明目前重塑资本主义的思潮很流行,其中all the rage是一个在口语和非正式写作中经常出现的短语,意思是“……很流行”,例如我们可以说:
TikTok, a mobile app for creating and sharing short videos, is all the ragein the United States.
XX-focused可以用来表示“以XX为中心的”,比如“以考试为中心的教育制度”,可以说 an exam-focused education system
A follow-up manifesto published on November 27th tries to explain how to do this. But fixing capitalism is easier said than done.
一份于11月27日发布的后续宣言试图解释如何做到这一点。但改进资本主义说起来容易做起来难。
XX is easier said than done(XX说起来容易做起来难)也是一个很好用的句式,比如我们可以说:
Although there are huge benefits to be had by improving time management skills, prioritizing tasks and avoiding procrastination areeasier said than done.
第二段介绍了这份报告提出的主要内容。
The report lays out eight principles to guide implementation of corporate purpose. These range from changing laws and regulations toimproving metrics and governance.
该报告罗列阐述了八项原则来指导如何实施公司宗旨。这些原则包括调整法律法规以及改善公司的业务指标和管理水平。
lay out这一词组有多个含义,在这里它的意思是“阐述,说明”(to explain something carefully and clearly)。第二句开头的these指代第一句的eight principles,用于实现句子衔接。
第二句中还出现了一个非常值得学习的句式:something ranges from A to B,意思是“某事物包括从A到B各种不同的人或物”,比如:The show had a massive audience, ranging from children to grandparents.
Some are sensible. Establishing common standards for measuring social impact would be a vast improvement over the current hotch-potch ofcompeting (and often misleading) measures of how firms fare on environmental, social and governance matters.
其中一些原则是合理的。建立衡量社会影响的通用标准将是对当前混乱且互相矛盾(而且经常带有误导性)的衡量标准的巨大改进,这些标准可以用来衡量企业在环境、社会以及公司管理上的表现。
hotch-potch /ˈhɒtʃpɒtʃ/是一个英式英语表达(美式英语中写成hodge-podge),意思是“大杂烩,杂乱无章的一堆事物”(a confused mixture of different things)。这是一个非正式表达,在口语和非正式写作中用得比较多,这里作者使用该词可以让文章读起来更生动。
competing在这里的意思是“互相矛盾的,相互抵触的”,比如:Several people gave competing accounts of the accident. 几个人对这一事件的说法相互矛盾。
第三段说明了报告中一些不合理之处。
Some ideas are problematic or downright barmy. The report makes the extraordinary claim that “ownership does not relate to the assets of a firm but to its purposes”.
报告中有些想法不是有问题就是很愚蠢。该报告提出了一个非同寻常的主张“所有权与公司资产无关,而与公司宗旨有关”。
downright意思是“十足地,彻底地”,它通常与表示负面含义的词搭配,用于强调某事物极差、极不真实。例如:There was suspicion and even downright hatred between them.
So would strategies that maximised profits become illegal, unless they also solved poverty or climate change? And which of those goals would the purpose police deem more worthwhile?
那么,除非最大化利润的战略能顺带解决贫困或气候变化问题,否则它们是否也违法?而且那些“目的警察”会认为这些社会目标中哪个更有价值?
There is only passing mention of the sorts of trade-offs that bosses must make between the competing claims of rival stakeholders.
对于各方利益相关者提出的互相冲突的主张,老板们必须要在这些主张中间做出各种取舍,但报告对此一笔带过。
There is only passing mention of something是一个常见句型,意思是“XX对某事一笔带过”,比如要表达“报纸上对这场交通事故只有简短报道”,可以说:There was only passing mention of the traffic accident in the newspaper.
第四段引用了学者的观点来说明报告的不合理之处。
The report is heavy on “should do” recommendations and light onincentives needed to achieve those goals, notes Luigi Zingales of the University of Chicago.
芝加哥大学的路易吉·辛格莱斯指出,该报告着重给出“必须做哪些事情”的建议,但对于实现这些目标所需的激励措施轻描淡写。
从这里可以学习一个句型something is heavy on A and light on B(某事物很着重A而对B轻描淡写)。举个例子,目前很多大学毕业生就业困难,一个原因是大学教育更多专注于理论知识而忽略了实际技能的培养,可以说:
One reason why so many graduates struggle to find employment is that university education is heavy on theoretical knowledge and light onpractical skills.
He argues that forcing firms to have a social purpose is an unjustifiable infringement of freedom. Making bosses come up with cuddly corporate-purpose statements is likely to produce a swarm of platitudes.
他认为,强迫公司去提出一个社会目的是对自由的无理侵犯。让老板去提出亲和的企业宗旨陈述可能会产生大量陈词滥调。
第五段举了丹麦药品公司诺和诺德的例子来说明为何企业宗旨不靠谱。
The report notes that the corporate purpose of Novo Nordisk, a Danish drugs firm, is to “drive change to defeat diabetes and other serious chronic diseases”. The Academy applauds the firm’s use of the Future-Fit Business Benchmark, a tool for assessing governance.
该报告指出,丹麦药品公司诺和诺德的企业宗旨是“推动变革以战胜糖尿病和其他严重慢性病”。英国科学院对公司使用“未来业务基准”(一种评估公司管理水平的工具)表示赞赏。
Sadly, these virtues did not prevent it from charging outrageous prices for its insulin in America, leading to lawsuits and congressional inquiries. The firm denies wrongdoing.
令人遗憾的是,这些优点并没有阻止它在美国对其胰岛素收取高昂的价格,从而导致了诉讼和国会质询。该公司否认有不法行为。
最后一段对英国科学院发布的两份报告进行了总结。
The academy’s clear-headed first report asked important questions about the role of business in society.
英国科学院的第一份报告思路清晰,它提出了企业在社会中的作用这一重要问题。
Its muddled follow-up (which Mr Zingales describes as “something in between policy prescription and a self-help book”) seems destined to end up as a doorstop.
第一份报告混乱的续篇(辛格莱斯先生将它描述成“介于政策法规和自助书籍之间的产物”)看起来注定要沦落为垫门的废纸。
最后一句写得很有意思,muddled意思是“混乱的,令人感到困惑的”,它与上一句的clear-headed形成反差,突出第二份报告的思路混乱。
作者把第二份报告比作doorstop,这是指“(防止门关闭的)门挡,制门器”,一些人也把旧书或者废纸塞在门下作为门档,这一比喻很巧妙地讽刺了第二份报告的毫无用处。
今天我们学习了以下几个重点句型和表达:
(1) something is all the rage
(2) XX is easier said than done
(3) something ranges from A to B
(4) There is only passing mention of something
(5) something is heavy on A and light on B
感兴趣的同学可以使用这些句型造句以加深印象。