本期精读选自The Economist关于澳大利亚考拉的文章Koalas almost bring down an Australian state government
考拉在澳大利亚几乎人见人爱,一些人甚至在去年山火期间冒着生命危险去营救它们,但由考拉引发的一场争论让新南威尔士州的两个党派产生了分歧。新南威尔士州的“国民党”和“自由党”长期以来一直联合执政。最近该州通过了一项减少砍伐树木的法案(因为考拉可能住在上面),代表农民利益的“国民党”反对这一法案,但“自由党”的很多选民支持保护环境,分歧也由此产生。文章对这一事件进行了介绍。
小标题中Koalition由Coalition和Koalas合并而来,这一改编能让文章更有趣味性。
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开头段介绍了考拉的受欢迎程度以及由它引发的争议。
Everyone likes koalas. Lots of people worry about their dwindling numbers.
每个人都喜欢考拉。很多人担忧考拉的数量正在不断减少。
Lots of people相当于a lot of people,这是一个非正式说法,外刊文章有时候会用非正式表达来增加文章的可读性。
When fires tore along Australia’s east coast last summer, some humans risked their lives to rescue them.
当去年夏天大火在澳大利亚的东海岸肆虐的时候,一些人冒着生命危险去抢救它们。
Tore是tear的过去式,它在这里的意思是“快速蔓延”(to go or move very quickly),比如要表达“瘟疫正在该地区蔓延”,可以说:An epidemic was tearing through the region.
Strange, then, that a dispute about their conservation almost blew up a harmonious coalition government in New South Wales.
因此,奇怪的一点是,一场关于考拉保护的争论几乎让新南威尔士州一个本来融洽的联合政府分崩离析。
Strange, then, that…是一个比较口头化的表达,它相当于Then it is strange that…
第二段介绍了关于考拉的争议导致政党不和的原因。
Its two contingents, the Liberals and the Nationals, have governed in a conservative partnership for generations.
该政府的两个代表党派是自由党和国民党,它们在过去数代人的时间里面以保守主义的理念联合执政。
为了便于理解,这里贴一下维基百科上找到的新南威尔士州议会席位情况,目前自由党和国民党加起来是48席,为最大的一个派别。两个党派组成的派别称为:Liberal–National Coalition,主要理念为保守主义以及自由保守主义等。
This falling out was triggered by an obscure policy which makes it somewhat harder for landowners to cut down trees in which koalas might live.
这一分歧是由一项模糊的政策引起的。对于那些考拉可能栖息的树,该政策使得地主砍伐这些树木变得更加困难一些。
Falling out意思相当于“争论,争吵”(a serious argument or disagreement),this falling out指代第一段最后一句:a dispute about their conservation almost blew up a harmonious coalition government…以此来形成呼应。
The rules came into force months ago and greens view them as far too weak. But to the Nationals, who represent farmers, they are “the epitome of overbearing bureaucracy”.
这些法规数月前生效,而且绿党人士认为它们效力太弱。但对于代表农民群体的国民党来说,这些法规是“霸道的官僚主义的缩影”。
the epitome of something是外刊中一个常见表达,意思是“某事物的典型”(the best possible example of something),例如:The Dorchester Hotel is the epitome of luxury in the heart of London. 多切斯特酒店是伦敦市中心豪华奢侈的缩影。
第三段介绍了两个党派采取的动作。
On September 10th their leader in the state, John Barilaro, announced that his mps would stop voting with the state government until the policy was pared back. That would have left the Liberals in the minority in the state assembly.
国民党在新南威尔士州的领导人约翰·巴里罗在9月10号宣布,在政策被废除之前,他的议员将停止跟随州政府投票。这将会使自由党在州议会中处于少数派。
The mutiny crumbled when the premier, Gladys Berejiklian, threatened to strip the Nationals of their ministries. But the underlying problems persist.
这场叛变以州长格拉迪斯·贝雷吉克利安的宣告而瓦解,州长威胁说要剥夺国民党的任职资格。但潜在的问题仍然存在。
第四段介绍了国民党目前遇到的困境。
As a pair, the Liberals and Nationals win more elections than the opposition Labor party. But support for the Nationals is waning.
作为联合党派,自由党和国民党比作为反对派的工党赢得更多次选举。但国民党获得的支持正在减少。
Their rural strongholds are scorched by drought and compete with one another for water from near-dry rivers. Many supporters feel ignored.
他们在农村地区的票仓遭受了严重的干旱,这些地区之间还从近乎干涸的河流中争夺水资源。很多支持者觉得自己被忽略了。
Stronghold在这里是指“(政党的)据点,大本营”(an area where there is a lot of support for a particular political party),scorch本来的意思是“烧焦,烤焦”,scorched by drought这一搭配很形象,可以引申为“受到干旱的严重影响”。
Populists have exploited these frustrations for years. The latest threat comes from the prosaically named Shooters, Fishers and Farmers Party.
多年来民粹主义者一直在利用选民们的这种挫败感。最新一轮的威胁来自射手,渔民和农民党(这一党派的名字有些缺乏想象力)。
Exploit在这里的意思相当于take advantage of,即“利用,占……的便宜”,these frustrations指代上一句的内容:Many supporters feel ignored.
结尾段进一步分析了两党分歧的原因。
Mr Barilaro’s answer is to shout more loudly that “we cannot allow city-centric politics to dictate our way of life in the bush”.
面对其他党派的威胁,巴里拉罗给出的应对办法是更大声地宣称“我们不能让城市中心政治决定我们在野外的生活方式”。
the bush在这里专门指的是澳大利亚和非洲的荒野地、丛林地。
Rural Australians have never liked being preached to about the evils of felling trees and the like. But concerns about such things are growing in more populated, suburban Liberal-voting areas.
澳大利亚的农村人从未喜欢这一套说教:砍伐树木以及其他类似行为会带来罪恶。但在自由党投票区(那里是人口更加稠密的郊区),人们对此类事情的担忧正在增加。
And the like/and such like是一个固定搭配,意思是“诸如此类,等等”,比如:Soldiers, policemen, and the like were all called in to help with the emergency. 军队、警察等都奉召来应付这一突发事件。
Neither side can win elections alone. But it is getting harder, says Paul Williams of Griffith University, “to maintain the façade of a happy marriage”.
任何一方都不能单独赢得选举。但格里菲斯大学的保罗·威廉姆斯说:“想要维持一个幸福婚姻的表象正在变得越来越难了”。
a happy marriage指的是国民党和自由党这两个党派的联合,最后一句话是指两个党派之间要维持表面上的融洽已经变得越来越难了。