全球史上最大的10次IPO

 

目录

1. Saudi Aramco沙特阿美

2. Alibaba阿里巴巴

3. SoftBank软银

4. NTT

5. Visa

6. AIA Group友邦保险集团

7. Enel sPa 意大利国家电力公司

8. Meta (前Facebook)

9. General Motors通用汽车

10. ICBC中国工商银行

 

 

An initial public offering (IPO) is among the most important and significant steps any company can ever take in its lifetime. Not only does it represent a stage of growth, but it also gives investors a chance to own a piece of it. After all, going through the IPO process means taking the company public and trading on a stock exchange.

首次公开募股（IPO）是任何公司在其存续期内均能采取的最重要和最有意义的步骤之一。它不仅代表了一个企业的成长阶段，而且也让投资者有机会分一杯羹。毕竟，通过IPO过程即意味着公司上市并在证券交易所交易。

 

Some IPOs get more clout than others. The buzz depends on a number of factors, including the company's status (i.e. how well known it is) and how well the IPO does markets the offering, But it's also important for the company to have a unique business model, a track record for success, and a market that's poised for growth.

一些IPO比其他IPO更具影响力。这种轰动取决于公司的地位（即公司的知名度）以及IPO在上市市场上的表现等许多因素，但对公司来说，拥有独特的商业模式、成功的业绩记录以及一个随时准备增长的市场也很重要。

 

We've listed the Top 10 largest global IPOs of all time through the end of 2021. The amount raised by each company listed represents common shares. These companies fit the bill for successful IPOs, ticking off all the boxes and then some.

截止2021年底，我们列出了全球十大IPO。每家上市公司筹集的资金代表普通股。这些公司符合成功IPO的标准，符合所有条件。这个清单可能会让您大吃一惊。

 

KEY TAKEAWAYS

要点

·Initial public offerings allow companies to raise capital for their businesses.

·IPO允许公司为其业务筹集资金。

·Saudi Aramco tops the list of global IPOs, raising $25.6 billion in December 2019.

·沙特阿美在全球IPO中排名第一，2019年12月融资256亿美元。

·Alibaba's IPO was the largest until it got knocked down to the second spot, raising almost $22 billion in 2014.

·阿里巴巴的IPO规模最大，2014年筹资近220亿美元，排在第二位。

·Communications services companies SoftBank and NTT also made the list, as well as financial services firms Visa, AIA Group, and ICBC.

·通讯服务公司软银和NTT以及金融服务公司Visa、友邦保险集团和工商银行（ICBC）也榜上有名。

 

1. Saudi Aramco沙特阿美

IPO Date: Dec. 5, 2019

IPO日期：2019年12月5日

Capital Raised: $25.6 billion

募集资金：256亿美元

Industry: Energy

行业：能源

 

This Saudi Arabian company is one of the world's largest companies, ranking in the fifth spot on Forbes' 2000 list for 2021. Formally called Saudi Arabian Oil Company, it is commonly referred to as Saudi Aramco or simply Aramco. As an energy company, it explores, produces, transports, and sells crude oil and natural gas.

这家沙特阿拉伯公司是世界上最大的公司之一，位列福布斯2021年“2000”强榜单的第五位。正式名称为沙特阿拉伯石油公司，通常被称为沙特阿美或简称为阿美。作为一家能源公司，它勘探、生产、运输和销售原油和天然气。

 

The company went public in December 2019 and began trading on the Saudi Stock Exchange. It initially raised $25.6 billion by selling three billion shares. That primary figure was raised to $29.4 billion after the company reportedly sold an additional 450 million shares.5 It knocked Alibaba out of the top spot, making it the largest IPO in global history.

该公司于2019年12月上市，并开始在沙特证券交易所交易。最初通过出售30亿股股票筹集了256亿美元。据报道，在该公司增发4.5亿股股票后，升至294亿美元。它将阿里巴巴赶出榜首，成为全球历史上规模最大的IPO。

 

If you're wondering how you can get a piece of this valuable company, it may take a little maneuvering. Saudi officials decided not to list abroad in order to allow domestic investors to hold control. But you can invest in it indirectly by purchasing shares of an exchange-traded fund (ETF), such as the iShares MSCI Saudi Arabia ETF (KSA), which invests in a number of Saudi stocks.

如果您想知道如何从这家有价值的公司中分得一杯羹，可能需要一些策略。沙特官员决定不在国外上市，以便让国内投资者掌握控制权。但您可以通过购买交易所交易基金（ETF）的股票间接进行投资，比如投资于许多沙特股票的iShares MSCI沙特阿拉伯ETF（KSA）。

 

2. Alibaba 阿里巴巴

IPO Date: Sept. 18, 2014

IPO日期：2014年9月18日

Capital Raised: $21.8 billion

募集资金：218亿美元

Industry: Technology

行业：科技

 

Alibaba's (BABA) IPO shattered all records, becoming the largest IPO ever—at least until Saudi Aramco knocked it out of first place.

阿里巴巴（BABA）的IPO打破了所有记录，成为有史以来规模最大的IPO，至少在沙特阿美（Saudi Aramco）将其淘汰出局之前是如此。

 

The Alibaba buzz didn't die down after it went public. Four days after its IPO, underwriters exercised an option to sell more shares, bringing the total IPO to $25 billion. But what made it so popular?

阿里巴巴的热议在上市后并未平息。IPO四天后，承销商行使了出售更多股票的选择权，使IPO总额达到250亿美元。但是什么让它如此受欢迎呢？

 

The company's chairman announced his intention to expand into other markets outside of China—notably, Europe and the United States. Alibaba is a diversified technology company based in China. Its businesses include:

该公司董事长宣布，他打算进军中国以外的其他市场，尤其是欧洲和美国。阿里巴巴是一家总部位于中国的多元化科技公司。其业务包括：

 

·AliExpress: A global online e-commerce company, much like Amazon

·全球速卖通：一家类似亚马逊的全球在线电子商务公司

·Freshippo: A retail chain that integrates online and in-store shopping

·盒马：一家集在线购物和店内购物于一体的零售连锁店

·Youku: A long-form video platform available to consumers in China

·优酷：面向中国消费者的长视频平台

 

Although technology companies traditionally list on NASDAQ, Alibaba chose the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) for its debut. The IPO was primarily underwritten by Credit Suisse.

虽然科技公司传统上在纳斯达克上市，但阿里巴巴选择了纽约证券交易所（NYSE）作为其首次上市的地点。此次IPO主要由瑞士信贷承销。

 

3. SoftBank 软银

IPO Date: Dec. 10, 2018

IPO日期：2018年12月10日

Capital Raised: $21.3 billion

募集资金：213亿美元

Industry: Communication services

行业：通讯服务

 

SoftBank was founded in 1986 and is headquartered in Tokyo. Contrary to what you may think by its name, it isn't a bank. The company actually provides a range of communication services, including mobile and fixed-line communications, as well as ISP services. SoftBank also sells mobile devices to consumers.

软银成立于1986年，总部位于东京。与您可能从它的名字想到的相反，它不是一家银行。该公司实际上提供一系列通信服务，包括移动和固定线路通信，以及ISP服务。软银还向消费者出售移动设备。

 

Shares began trading on the Tokyo Stock Exchange after the company completed its initial public offering in December 2018, raising more than $21 billion.10 SoftBank's stock, though, tumbled about 14.5% on its first trading day.

该公司于2018年12月完成首次公开募股，股票开始在东京证券交易所交易，募集资金超过210亿美元后。不过，软银的股票在第一个交易日下跌了约14.5%。

 

4. NTT Mobile Communication Network  NTT

IPO Date: Oct. 22, 1998

IPO日期：1998年10月22日

Capital Raised: $18.1 billion

募集资金：181亿美元

Industry: Communication services

行业：通讯服务

 

NTT Mobile Communication Network, also known as NTT DoCoMo, is a Tokyo‑based telecommunications player that went to the public market in October 1998. The company announced its plan for an IPO during the 1997 Asian financial crisis. The company managed to secure Goldman Sachs for its underwriting team.

NTT Mobile Communication Network，又称NTT DoCoMo，是一家总部位于东京的电信运营商，于1998年10月上市。该公司在1997年亚洲金融危机期间宣布了IPO计划。该公司设法为其承销团队争取到了高盛。

 

At the time of the offering, NTT had roughly 57% of Japan's mobile market. Its IPO gave it the third-largest market capitalization in Japan at the time. Previously listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), NTT officially delisted their American Depository Shares (ADS) from the exchange in April 2018.  

在发售时，NTT占据了日本移动市场约57%的份额。它的IPO使其成为当时日本第三大市值。NTT此前在纽约证券交易所（NYSE）上市，并于2018年4月正式将其美国存托股（ADS）从该交易所退市。

 

5. Visa

IPO Date: March 18, 2008

IPO日期：2008年3月18日

Capital Raised: $17.4 billion

募集资金：174亿美元

Industry: Financial services, technology

行业：金融服务、科技

 

Visa (V) specializes in debit and credit card processing. Headquartered in Foster City, California, the company has more than 70 million merchants that use its services worldwide. The company facilitates more than 206 billion transactions each year.

Visa（V）专门处理借记卡和信用卡。该公司总部位于加利福尼亚州福斯特市，在全球拥有超过7000万名使用其服务的商户。该公司每年促成超过2060亿笔交易。

 

It may seem strange that the company entered the public market during the global financial crisis. And it's hard to believe that it raised as much as it did—nearly $17.4 billion. Shares were priced at $44 each, meaning the company sold 406 million during the offering.

这家公司在全球金融危机期间进入公开市场似乎有些奇怪。很难相信它筹集到了近174亿美元的资金。股票定价为每股44美元，这意味着该公司在发行期间卖出了4.06亿美元。

 

One of the things that sets Visa apart from other financial services companies (and perhaps why it was able to succeed) is that it doesn't actually lend to consumers, which means it isn't susceptible to default and late payments. It makes its money through payment processing fees.

Visa与其他金融服务公司的区别之一（或许也是它之所以能够成功的原因）是，它实际上并不向消费者提供贷款，这意味着它不容易违约和逾期付款。它通过支付处理费赚钱。

 

6. AIA Group 友邦保险集团

IPO Date: Oct. 21, 2010

IPO日期：2010年10月21日

Capital Raised: $17.8

募集资金：17.8美元

Industry: Financial services

行业：金融服务业

 

AIA is a Hong Kong-based investment and insurance company that now trades on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange under the ticker 1299. The company's IPO was underwritten by Citi. The company provides a number of financial services, including insurance, to consumers in 18 different countries in Asia.

友邦保险是一家总部位于香港的投资和保险公司，现在在香港证券交易所，股票代码为1299。该公司的首次公开募股由花旗承销。该公司向亚洲18个不同国家的消费者提供包括保险在内的多项金融服务。

 

After raising almost $18 billion, it became the largest independent, publicly listed pan-Asian life insurance group. U.S. investors can also purchase American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) for the company, which trade over-the-counter (OTC) under the ticker AAGIY.

在筹集了近180亿美元资金后，它成为最大的独立、公开上市的泛亚人寿保险集团。美国投资者还可以为购买该公司的美国存托凭证（ADR），该凭证在场外交易（OTC），股票代码为AAGIY。

 

7. Enel sPa 意大利国家电力公司

IPO Date: Nov, 1, 1999

IPO日期：1999年11月1日

Capital Raised: $16.4 billion

募集资金：164亿美元

Industry: Utilities

行业：公用事业

 

Enel (ENIA) may not be a household name in the U.S., but it is well-known in Italy, where it is based. The company also provides power to consumers in 30 countries in Europe and Asia through 2.2 million kilometers of power lines.

Enel（ENIA）在美国可能不是家喻户晓的名字，但它在其总部意大利是众所周知的。该公司还通过220万公里的输电线向欧洲和亚洲30个国家的消费者供电。

 

The company expected to raise about $19 billion when it went public, but investor interest waned.

该公司预计上市后将筹集约190亿美元，但投资者兴趣减弱。

 

Still, Enel managed to raise about $16.4 billion, making it one of the largest IPOs of its time.

尽管如此，Enel还是成功筹集到了约164亿美元，成为当时规模最大的IPO之一。

 

8. Meta (formerly Facebook) Meta（前Facebook）

IPO Date: May 1, 2012

IPO日期：2012年5月1日

Capital Raised: $16 billion募

集资金：160亿美元

Industry: Technology

行业：科技

 

The company behind the popular social media platform (FB) was one of the most hyped IPOs in history. It went public on May 1, 2012, and raised just over $16 billion.

大众社交媒体平台（FB）背后的公司是历史上最受欢迎的IPO之一。该公司于2012年5月1日上市，筹资额略高于160亿美元。

 

This social media technology company's launch was riddled with trading issues and questionable information-sharing accusations. Its stock dropped after the market opened and shares lost roughly 40% in value over the following several months. Investors lost an estimated $50 billion by August 2012. Nasdaq had to pay a fine of $10 million because of trading issues during the IPO.

这家社交媒体技术公司的成立充满了交易问题和可疑的信息共享指控。开盘后，该公司股价下跌，随后几个月股价下跌约40%。截至2012年8月，投资者损失了约500亿美元。由于IPO期间的交易问题，纳斯达克不得不支付1000万美元的罚款。

 

The platform had an average of 1.93 billion active daily users as of Dec. 31, 2021.

截至2021年12月31日，该平台平均每天有19.3亿活跃用户

 

9. General Motors 通用汽车

IPO Date: Nov. 17, 2010

IPO日期：2010年11月17日

Capital Raised: $15.8 billion

募集资金：158亿美元

Industry: Consumer discretionary

行业：非必需消费品

 

General Motors (GM) debuted in mid-November 2010, raising almost $16 billion and another $4.35 billion in preferred shares. This is a big feat, considering the company emerged from a government-approved bankruptcy filing a year earlier.

通用汽车（GM）于2010年11月中旬上市，筹集了近160亿美元的资金和43.5亿美元的优先股。考虑到该公司在一年前从政府批准的破产申请中脱颖而出，这是一项了不起的壮举。

 

This was the largest IPO for any U.S.‑based company. General Motors owns Chevrolet, Buick, GMC, and Cadillac. But the stock hasn't performed very well. On the 10th anniversary of its offering, CNBC reported that the stock's performance was riddled with volatility and uncertainty, even with a solid balance sheet.

这是美国公司规模最大的IPO。通用汽车拥有雪佛兰、别克、GMC和凯迪拉克。但该股表现不佳。在发行10周年之际，CNBC报道称，该股的表现充满了波动性和不确定性，即使资产负债表稳健。

 

10. ICBC 中国工商银行

IPO Date: Oct. 20, 2006

IPO日期：2006年10月20日

Capital Raised: $14 billion

募集资金：140亿美元

Industry: Financial services

行业：金融服务业

 

ICBC Bank or Industrial and Commercial Bank of China is a multinational financial services company based in Beijing. Founded in 1984, ICBC provides a range of financial products and services to retail and corporate clients in Asia, Europe, North and South America, and Oceania.

中国工商银行是一家总部位于北京的跨国金融服务公司。工行成立于1984年，为亚洲、欧洲、北美、南美和大洋洲的零售和企业客户提供一系列金融产品和服务。

 

It managed to top the list when it began listing on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (HKG). The deal was underwritten by Merrill Lynch. The company listed its stock simultaneously on the Shanghai Stock Exchange, raising an additional $5 billion in capital.

当它开始在香港证券交易所上市时，成功地登上了榜单。该交易由美林证券承销。该公司同时在上海证券交易所上市，筹集了额外的50亿美元资金。

 

 

On Jan. 19, 2007, ICBC exercised an overallotment option that allowed the company to lift its IPO to $21.9 billion, making it the world's third-largest IPO.

2007年1月19日，工行行使超额配售选择权，使该公司得以将首次公开募股（IPO）金额提升至219亿美元，成为全球第三大IPO。

 

By KRISTINA ZUCCHI

作者：KRISTINA ZUCCHI

Updated March 08, 2022

更新日期：2022年3月8日

Reviewed by ERIC ESTEVEZERIC ESTEVEZ

审核：ERIC ESTEVEZERIC ESTEVEZ

 

英文来源：

https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/011215/top-10-largest-global-ipos-all-time.asp