No person ①shall directly or indirectly by himself or by any other person ②on his behalf /③make use of or threaten to make use of any force, violence or restraint, or /④inflict or threaten to inflict, by himself or by any other person, any ⑤temporal or spiritual injury, damage, harm or loss upon or against any person ⑥in order to induce or compel such person to vote or refrain from voting, or ⑦on account of such person having voted or entrained from voting at any election, or by abduction duress, or any fraudulent device or contrivance /impede or ⑧prevent the free exercise of the franchise of any voter, or thereby /compel or ⑨prevail upon any elector either to give or to refrain from giving his vote at any election.
摘自Corrupt and Illegal Practices Ordinance (《舞弊及非法行为条例》)
本句共有129个单词,在法律英语文本中这种句子长度算是比较常见。其中出现最多次数的是or,共出现20次。我们知道or是连词,也侧面说明这句话虽然长,但是句子结构不会太复杂。
个人习惯,不管句子多长,先找主谓,其余部分归为宾语及修饰成分。
主语:
no person
谓语:
由shall和其他动词构成的四个并列谓语
make use of or threaten to make use of
inflict or threaten to inflict
impede or prevent
compel or prevail
本句话可以看为如下形式:
No person shall...make use of or threaten to make use of...inflict or threaten to inflict...impede or prevent...compel or prevail...
再来,按照4个谓语可将句子分为四部分,以“/”标识。分别看各部分大致想要表达什么含义。
第一部分:No person ①shall directly or indirectly by himself or by any other person ②on his behalf /③make use of or threaten to make use of any force, violence or restraint...
① shall是法律英语中的常客,可表示“应该”“必须”等含义。
② on one's behalf 指“代表某人”
③ make use of sth. 使用或利用某物
第一部分的大致含义为:任何人不得直接或间接本人或任何其他人代表其使用或威胁使用 任何武力、暴力或限制手段......
第二部分:No person shall ④inflict or threaten to inflict, by himself or by any other person, any ⑤temporal or spiritual injury, damage, harm or loss upon or against any person ⑥in order to induce or compel such person to vote or refrain from voting...
④ inflict:使(某人)遭受...
⑤ temporal or spiritual:实质上或精神上的
⑥ in order to: 表目的
第二部分的大致含义为:任何人不得为使或迫使他人投票或不投票,或由于他人在任何选举中投票或被诱使不投票,或通过诱拐、胁迫或任何欺诈手段或阴谋...
第三部分:No person shall impede or ⑧prevent the free exercise of the franchise of any voter...
⑧ prevent sb./sth. 阻止或阻碍某人/某事
第二部分的大致含义为:任何人不得妨碍或阻止任何选民自由行使选举权...
第四部分:No person shall compel or ⑨prevail upon any elector either to give or to refrain from giving his vote at any election...
⑨prevail upon sb. to... 唆使某人干...
第四部分的大致含义为:任何人不得强迫或唆使任何选民在任何选举中投票或不投票.
从上述各部分的含义分析可得出,本句话可以从or ⑦on account of ...断开分为两大块,第一块讲要不要投票,第二块讲投不投票。
综上,整句话可译为:
任何人不得直接或间接地,由本人或任何其他人代表其本人,使用或威胁使用任何武力、暴力或限制,或由本人或任何其他人对任何人造成或威胁造成实质上或精神上的伤害、损害、损伤或损失,以诱使或迫使该人投票或拒绝投票,或以该人已在任何选举中投票或被迫不投票为由,或以劫持、胁迫或任何欺诈手段或计谋,妨碍或阻止任何选民自由行使选举权,或以此/强迫或迫使任何选民在任何选举中投票或不投票。
参考:
《法律英语英汉翻译技巧》(第二版)夏登峻