法言法语 * 第64-69条【合同相对性+合同履行抗辩权】

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中英对照

第六十四条 当事人约定由债务人向第三人履行债务的,债务人未向第三人履行债务或者履行债务不符合约定,应当向债权人承担违约责任

Article 64   Where the parties agree that the debtor shall discharge the debts to a third party and where the debtor fails to do so or fails to meet its liability as contracted, the debtor shall bear the liability for breach of contract to the creditor.

第六十五条 当事人约定由第三人向债权人履行债务的,第三人不履行债务或者履行债务不符合约定,债务人应当向债权人承担违约责任。

Article 65    Where the parties agree that a third party shall discharge the debts to the creditor and where the third party fails to do so or fails to meet its liability as contracted, the debtor shall bear the liability for breach of contract to the creditor.

第六十六条 当事人互负债务,没有先后履行顺序的,应当同时履行。一方在对方履行之前有权拒绝其履行要求。一方在对方履行债务不符合约定时,有权拒绝其相应的履行要求。

Article 66   Where the parties are in debt to each other and there is no time order for discharging the debts, they shall meet their respective liabilities simultaneously. Either party has the right to reject the other party's demand for the discharge before the latter meets its own liabilities. Either party has the right to reject the other party's demand for the    discharge if the latter fails to meet its liabilities as contracted.

 第六十七条 当事人互负债务,有先后履行顺序,先履行一方未履行的,后履行一方有权拒绝其履行要求。先履行一方履行债务不符合约定的,后履行一方有权拒绝其相应的履行要求。

Article 67 Where the parties are in debt to each other and there is a time order for them to discharge the debts, the party which is the next to discharge the debts has the right to reject the discharge demanded by the party which is the first to meet its liabilities but fails to meet them. The party which is the next to discharge the debts has also the right to reject a corresponding discharge demanded by the party which is the first to meet its liabilities but fails to meet them as contracted.

第六十八条 应当先履行债务的当事人,有确切证据证明对方有下列情形之一的,可以中止履行:

(一)经营状况严重恶化;

(二)转移财产、抽逃资金,以逃避债务;

(三)丧失商业信誉;

(四)有丧失或者可能丧失履行债务能力的其他情形。当事人没有确切证据中止履行的,应当承担违约责任

 Article 68 The party which ought to discharge its debts first may suspend the discharge if it has truthful evidence to prove that the other party falls under any of the following situations:

(1) business operations seriously deteriorating;

(2) diverting properties and withdrawing capital to evade debts;

(3) falling into business discredit; or

(4) other situations showing inability or possible inability to meet liabilities.

A party that suspends the discharge without truthful evidence shall bear the liability for breach of contract.

第六十九条 当事人依照本法第六十八条的规定中止履行的,应当及时通知对方。对方提供适当担保时,应当恢复履行。中止履行后,对方在合理期限内未恢复履行能力并且未提供适当担保的,中止履行的一方可以解除合同。

Article 69    Where a party suspends the discharge of its debts in accordance with the provisions of Article 68 of this Law, it shall promptly notify the other party of the suspension. The party shall resume the discharge when the other party provides a guarantee. The party that has suspended the discharge may dissolve the contract if the other party has failed to regain its capability of meeting its liabilities and to provide a guarantee within a reasonable period of time.

法律解读

6469条是“合同相对性”和“合同履行抗辩权”制度,以上6条分别规定了:

1.合同相对性(债权第三人+债务第三人)

2.同时履行抗辩权(无顺序)

3.先履行抗辩权(有顺序)

4.不安抗辩权(有顺序,有程序,有后果)

法言法语

1.债权人、债务人。此处翻译为the creditorthe debtor没有异义。此外,前面提到过,翻译为the obligorthe obligee也很常见

2.违约Breach of contract

3.违约责任。Liability for breach of contract。值得一提的是,违约责任的具体承担方式,英美法系和大陆法系差别很大。以美国法为例,law提供的违约救济措施包括damages, action for an agreed sum, a claim for quantum meruit。而equity的救济措施则包括specific performance, injunction.

4.转移财产、抽逃资金,以逃避债务。diverting properties and withdrawing capital to evade debtsDivert意思为withdraw(money) and move into a different location, often secretly and with dishonest intentions,用于此处正确妥当。

5.确切证据。官方译本译为truthful evidence,也有译本翻译为conclusive evidenceConclusive意思为 expressing finality with no implication of possible changetruthful意思为expressing or given to expressing the truth,个人认为两者都不完全贴合立法者本意,比较之下,后者更佳。

6.及时(通知)。Promptlyimmediately更正式,符合法律英语语体特征。

7.合同相对性。对应英语术语是Privity Of Contract。“The doctrine of privity means that a contract cannot, as a general rule, confer    rights or impose obligations arising under it on any person except the    parties to it.(GH Treitel, The Law of Contract)。合同相对性是合同法重要理论议题,为便于大家深入理解,作者在今天专门选取文章介绍了英美法下的“合同相对性”制度及其典型例外——喜马拉雅条款(Himalaya Clause)。

如有错误、不足,欢迎留言指正或讨论~

 

(文章来源:实务法律英语公众号)
发布于 2020-07-23 10:24:52
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