Family office 家族办公室
根据美国家族办公室协会(Family Office Association)的定义,家族办公室是“专为超级富有的家庭提供全方位财富管理和家族服务,以使其资产的长期发展,符合家族的预期和期望,并使其资产能够顺利地进行跨代传承和保值增值的机构。”
家族办公室是家族财富管理的最高形态。通常设立一个性价比较高的单一家族办公室(Single FO),其可投资资产规模至少为5亿美元。FO的主要作用是密切关注家族的资产负债表,通过成立独立的机构、聘用投资经理、自行管理家族资产组合(而不是委托金融机构来管理),帮助家族在没有利益冲突的安全环境中更好地完成财富管理目标、实现家族治理和传承、守护家族的理念和梦想。家族办公室是对超高净值家族一张完整资产负债表进行全面管理和治理的机构。“超高净值家族”的标准见仁见智,美国证券交易委员会(SEC)认为,设立FO的家族可投资金融资产至少要在1亿美元以上;“一张完整”是指资产不是分散管理,而是集中管理;“资产负债表”不但包含其狭义资产(即金融资本),也包含其广义资产(即家族资本、人力资本和社会资本),我们尤其不能忽略广义三大资本,因为它们才是金融资本昌盛的源泉;“全面”表示既包括四大资本的创造和管理,也包括四大资本的传承与使用;“治理”是决定由谁来进行决策,而“管理”则是制定和执行这些决策的过程,例如,治理决定了由谁来掌握FO在不同投资额度上的决策权,而管理则决定了配置于具体资产类别(例如债券)的实际资金数和是否要投资于某个PE项目等。
A family office is a privately held company that handles investment management and wealth management for a wealthy family, generally one with over $100 million in investable assets, with the goal being to effectively grow and transfer wealth across generations. The company's financial capital is the family's own wealth. Family offices also may handle tasks such as managing household staff, making travel arrangements, property management, day-to-day accounting and payroll activities, management of legal affairs, family management services, family governance, financial and investor education, coordination of philanthropy and private foundations, and succession planning. A family office can cost over $1 million a year to operate, so the family's net worth usually exceeds $100 million in investable assets. Some family offices accept investments from people who are not members of the owning family. Some firms that cater to multiple clients offer personality psychology services for family members to support better alignment and communications among members of the family.
例句1
A family office either is, or operates just like, a corporation or limited liability company, with officers and a support staff. Officers are compensated per their arrangement with the family, usually with incentives based on the profits or capital gains generated by the office. Family offices are often built around core assets that are professionally managed. As profits are created, assets are deployed into investments. Family offices might invest in private equity, venture capital opportunities, hedge funds, and commercial real estate. Many family offices turn to hedge funds for alignment of interest based on risk and return assessment goals. Some family offices remain passive and just allocate funds to outside managers.
家族办公室是或像公司或有限责任公司一样运作,有管理人员和职能人员。管理人员根据其在家族的安排得到报酬,通常是基于办公室产生的利润或资本收益的奖励。家族办公室通常围绕专业管理的核心资产而建。随着利润的产生,资产被配置到投资中。家族办公室可能投资私募股权、风险投资机会、对冲基金和商业地产。许多家族办公室转向对冲基金,根据风险和收益评估目标来调整利率。一些家族办公室保持被动,仅将资金分配给外部经理。
例句2
A traditional single family office is a business run by and for a single family. Its sole function is to centralize the management of a significant family fortune. Typically, these organizations employ staff to manage investments, taxes, philanthropic activities, trusts, and legal matters. The family office invests the family's money, manages all of the family's assets, and disburses payments to family members as required.
传统的单一家族办公室是由单一家族经营并为单一家族服务的企业。它的唯一功能是集中管理一大笔家族财产。通常,这些机构雇佣员工来管理投资、税收、慈善活动、信托和法律事务。家族办公室投资家族的钱,管理家族的所有资产,并按要求向家族成员支付款项。
例句3
As those other exemptions are no longer available under the new regulations, Soros Fund Management will now complete the transition to a family office that it began 11 years ago.
由于新规使这些其他的免责规定不再有效,索罗斯基金管理公司将会完成向家族办公室的过度,该家族办公室是在11年前建立的。
相关知识拓展:
家族办公室的主要功能是负责治理及管理四大资本——金融资本、家族资本、人力资本和社会资本。
(1)金融资本。FO从整体上进行家族财富的集中化管理,将分布于多家银行、证券公司、保险(放心保)公司、信托公司的家族金融资产汇集到一张家族财务报表中,通过遴选及监督投资经理,实行有效的投资绩效考核,实现家族资产的优化配置;家族财务的风险管理、税务筹划、信贷管理、外汇管理等日常需求也是家族办公室处理的内容。
(2)家族资本。FO承担了守护家族资本的职能,不但包括家族宪法、家族大会等重要的家族治理工作和家族旅行与仪式(婚丧嫁娶等)的组织筹办,还包括档案管理、礼宾服务、管家服务、安保服务等家族日常事务;当然,对于在全球拥有多处住宅、艺术品收藏、私人飞机和游艇的家族而言,对衣食住行有赖于家族办公室进行有效管理;选拔及管理训练有素、值得信赖的贴身工作人员(例如管家、司机、厨师、勤务人员、保镖)是财富家族面临的一个挑战,尤其在服务精神和传统并不强健的中华文化中。
(3)人力资本。FO要强化家族的人力资本,通过对不同年龄段家族成员的持续教育,提升能力与素质;下一代培养和传承规划是FO工作的重点,下一代家族成员的正式大学教育、实习和工作需要进行系统规划,并结合战略目标、家族结构、产业特征、地域布局等因素进行具有前瞻性的传承设计。
(4)社会资本。FO还要负责包括家族慈善资金的规划和慈善活动的管理、家族社交活动及家族声誉等社会资本的保值增值,重要的关系网络需要家族在FO的帮助下进行持续的浇灌和系统的管理。