Codes of Conduct for Judges

法官行为规范

Promulgating Institution: Supreme People's Court

Document Number: Fa Fa [2010] No. 54

Promulgating Date: 12/06/2010

Effective Date: 12/06/2010

颁布机关: 最高人民法院

文    号: 法发[2010]54号

颁布时间: 12/06/2010

实施时间: 12/06/2010

Text

正文

(Promulgated by the Supreme People's Court on November 4, 2005 for trial implementation. Promulgated and officially implemented on December 6, 2010 after revision)

These codes have been formulated pursuant to the Judges Law of the People's Republic of China and the Civil Servant Law of the Republic of China for the purposes of further promoting the judicial core value of "impartiality, integrity and serving the people", standardizing the basic conduct of judges and establishing good image of the judicial profession.

1. General Provisions

（最高人民法院2005年11月4日发布试行，2010年12月6日修订后发布正式施行）

    为大力弘扬“公正、廉洁、为民”的司法核心价值观，规范法官基本行为，树立良好的司法职业形象，根据《中华人民共和国法官法》和《中华人民共和国公务员法》等法律，制定本规范。

一、一般规定

   Article 1   Loyalty and steadfastness. Insist on the surpreme position of the Party's cause, the interests of the people, and the constitutional laws. Maintain consistency of thoughts and actions with those of the Party Central Committee. The words and behaviourss shall not be in contravention with the basic policies of the Party and the State as well as the socialist legal system.

     第一条 忠诚坚定。坚持党的事业至上、人民利益至上、宪法法律至上,在思想上和行动上与党中央保持一致,不得有违背党和国家基本政策以及社会主义司法制度的言行。

   Article 2   Judicial justice. Insist on taking the facts as the basis and using law as the criterion. Treat all parties fairly. Ensure justice in criteria and results, in procedures and in images. Strive to realize organic integration of legal effect and social effect of case handling. Do not abuse the power and abuse the law in making judgment.

     第二条 公正司法。坚持以事实为根据、以法律为准绳,平等对待各方当事人,确保实体公正、程序公正和形象公正,努力实现办案法律效果和社会效果的有机统一,不得滥用职权、枉法裁判。

   Article 3   Efficient handling of cases. Establish awareness of efficiency. Scientifically and rationally organize the work. Perform duties within the statutory time limit. Strive to enhance the efficiency in handling cases. Do not cause undue delay, make a bungle and waste the judicial resources.

     第三条 高效办案。树立效率意识,科学合理安排工作,在法定期限内及时履行职责,努力提高办案效率,不得无故拖延、贻误工作、浪费司法资源。

   Article 4   Honest and upright. Comply with the provisions for incorrupt government. Do not exploit the power and status of a judge to seek improper gain. Do not make recommendation of attorneys, defense counsels and intermediary agencies to the parties. Do not introduce case sources to the lawyers and other personnel or offer other inappropriate assistance.

     第四条 清正廉洁。遵守各项廉政规定,不得利用法官职务和身份谋取不正当利益,不得为当事人介绍代理人、辩护人以及中介机构,不得为律师、其他人员介绍案源或者给予其他不当协助。

   Article 5   Serving the people wholeheartedly. Implement the provisions and requirements of upholding justice for the people. Learn what the people say, what the people feel and what the people think. Adhere to active judicial enforcement. Establish service awareness. Make proper proceeding guidance, risk warning, legal interpretation and other services for the convenience of the people. Avoid undesirable work style such as being indifferent and tyrannizing.

     第五条 一心为民。落实司法为民的各项规定和要求,做到听民声、察民情、知民意,坚持能动司法,树立服务意识,做好诉讼指导、风险提示、法律释明等便民服务,避免“冷硬横推”等不良作风。

   Article 6   Observe the discipline strictly. Observe the disciplines and regulations. Do not divulge the secret of the State, trade secret, personal privacy obtained in the course of the trial work. Do not interfere, intervene and influence the cases currently being tried by other people. Do not freely make comments that is damaging to the solemnity and authority of judgments that has come into force.

     第六条 严守纪律。遵守各项纪律规定,不得泄露在审判工作中获取的国家秘密、商业秘密、个人隐私等,不得过问、干预和影响他人正在审理的案件,不得随意发表有损生效裁判严肃性和权威性的言论。

   Article 7   Dedication and devotion to work. Be passionate about the people's judicial career. Strengthen the sense of mission and sense of honor for the profession. Enhance professional learning. Enhance judicial competence. Fulfill one's duties. Contribute selflessly. Do not become sluggish and neglect one's duties.

     第七条 敬业奉献。热爱人民司法事业,增强职业使命感和荣誉感,加强业务学习,提高司法能力,恪尽职守,任劳任怨,无私奉献,不得麻痹懈怠、玩忽职守。

   Article 8   Enhance self cultivation. Insist on learning and keep improving oneself. Observe the judicial etiquette. Implement the dress code. Speak in civilized manner and behave in decent manner. Do not wear heavy makeup and put on accessories which are incompatible with the status of judge. Do not participate in activities which are damaging to the image of judicial profession.

     第八条 加强修养。坚持学习，不断提高自身素质;遵守司法礼仪，执行着装规定，言语文明，举止得体，不得浓妆艳抹，不得佩带与法官身份不相称的饰物，不得参加有损司法职业形象的活动。

2. Case Filing

二、立案

   Article 9   Basic requirements.

(1) Protect the parties in exercising the right to taking legal action lawfully, particularly the needs of groups such as women, children, elderly people and handicapped people in taking legal action.

(2) Facilitate the people in taking legal action. Reduce litigation troubles for the parties; and

(3) Ensure quality of case filing. Enhance the efficiency in case filing.

     第九条 基本要求

    (一)保障当事人依法行使诉权,特别关注妇女、儿童、老年人、残疾人等群体的诉讼需求;

    (二)便利人民群众诉讼,减少当事人诉累;

    (三)确保立案质量,提高立案效率。

   Article 10   If a party institutes a legal proceeding at the court,

(1) Strengthen the guidance on legal proceeding. Provide guidance materials for legal proceeding;

(2) Where conditions for instituting a legal proceeding are met, case shall be filed within the statutory period;

(3) Where conditions for instituting a legal proceeding are not met, the case shall not be accepted and the party shall be notified of the reasons. Where the party insists on instituting a legal proceeding, it shall be ruled as not accepted;

(4) Where the case has been filed, the party may not be coerced to withdraw the legal proceeding;

(5) Where the party voluntarily gives up the legal proceeding, unless otherwise provided by law, it shall be permitted.

     第十条 当事人来法院起诉

    (一)加强诉讼引导,提供诉讼指导材料;

    (二)符合起诉条件的,在法定时间内及时立案;

    (三)不符合起诉条件的,不予受理并告知理由,当事人坚持起诉的,裁定不予受理;

    (四)已经立案的,不得强迫当事人撤诉;

    (五)当事人自愿放弃起诉的,除法律另有规定外,应当准许。

   Article 11   If a party institutes a legal proceeding orally,

(1) Inform the party that a written complaint must be submitted;

(2) Where the party is unable to write the complaint and has difficulty in entrusting another person to write on his behalf, he may be requested to state the claim clearly, provide the information of the case and the method of contact accurately, which shall be transcribed in record and read out to such party. Upon confirmation that it is error free, the record shall be handed to the party for signature or put on his fingerprint.

     第十一条 当事人口头起诉

    (一)告知应当递交书面诉状;

    (二)当事人不能书写诉状且委托他人代写有困难的,要求其明确诉讼请求、如实提供案件情况和联络方式,记入笔录并向其宣读,确认无误后交其签名或者捺印。

   Article 12   If a party requests for a visit to file a case or file a case remotely

(1) Where the party is unable to institute a legal proceeding at the court and not able to entrust an attorney due to reasons such as restricted mobility as a result of physical handicap or serious disease causing him to be bedridden, depending on the actual circumstance, the materials for legal proceeding may be accepted by making a visit;

(2) Where the location of the party is a long distance away from the case accepting court and the facts are clear, the legal relationship is explicit and it is not controversial, the materials for legal proceeding may be received through internet or by post.

(3) Where the party does not meet the aforesaid conditions, he shall be informed to institute the legal proceeding at the court.

     第十二条 当事人要求上门立案或者远程立案

    (一)当事人因肢体残疾行动不便或者身患重病卧床不起等原因,确实无法到法院起诉且没有能力委托代理人的,可以根据实际情况上门接收起诉材料;

    (二)当事人所在地离受案法院距离远且案件事实清楚、法律关系明确、争议不大的,可以通过网络或者邮寄的方式接收起诉材料;

    (三)对不符合上述条件的当事人,应当告知其到法院起诉。

   Article 13   If a party institutes a legal proceeding at the People's Court

Where the People's Court has the jurisdiction to accept, it shall accept the materials for the suit and may not demand the party to file the legal proceeding at the case filing chamber of the grass-root People's Court.

     第十三条 当事人到人民法庭起诉

    人民法庭有权受理的,应当接受起诉材料,不得要求当事人到所在基层人民法院立案庭起诉。

   Article 14   If the case is not within the duty of this court or under the jurisdiction of this court

(1) Inform the party of the reasons that the court is not in charge of the case or this court has no jurisdiction;

(2) Specify the competent authority or the court with jurisdiction based on the actual situation of the case;

(3) Where the party insists on instituting the legal proceeding, the case shall be ruled to be not accepted, and shall not be accepted in violation of the provisions of jurisdiction.

     第十四条 案件不属于法院主管或者本院管辖

    (一)告知当事人不属于法院主管或者本院没有管辖权的理由;

    (二)根据案件实际情况,指明主管机关或者有管辖权的法院;

    (三)当事人坚持起诉的,裁定不予受理,不得违反管辖规定受理案件。

   Article 15   If a private litigation is filed where public prosecution shall be instituted according to law,

(1) It shall be transferred to the competent organ to handle after acceptance and the party shall be informed;

(2) Where the situation is urgent, urgent measures shall be adopted first, followed by transferring it to the competent organ and informing the party.

     第十五条 依法应当公诉的案件提起自诉

    (一)应当在接受后移送主管机关处理,并且通知当事人;

    (二)情况紧急的,应当先采取紧急措施,然后移送主管机关并告知当事人。

   Article 16   If the content and form of the complaint do not meet the regulations

(1) Inform the party to make correction according to the relevant regulations. The demand shall be clearly explained in one occasion;

(2) The case filing may not be rejected due to defect other than those essentials required for instituting a legal proceeding.

     第十六条 诉状内容和形式不符合规定

    (一)告知按照有关规定进行更正,做到一次讲清要求;

    (二)不得因法定起诉要件以外的瑕疵拒绝立案。

   Article 17   If the evidences in the legal proceeding materials are not sufficient,

In principle, a case filing may not be rejected by the reason of insufficient evidence in supporting the claim.

     第十七条 起诉材料中证据不足

    原则上不能以支持诉讼请求的证据不充分为由拒绝立案。

   Article 18   Where difficult or complicated situation is encountered and it is unable to decide on the spot whether to file a case

(1) Accept the materials and issue receipt, and inform the party to wait for the outcome of review;

(2) Promptly review and notify the party of the outcome within the statutory time limit.

     第十八条 遇到疑难复杂情况,不能当场决定是否立案

    (一)收下材料并出具收据,告知等待审查结果;

    (二)及时审查并在法定期限内将结果通知当事人。

   Article 19   If a dispute involving a group is found and the conflict is easily intensified,

Report to the leaders promptly and contact the relevant department. Actively carry out the work on persuasion and prevent the conflict from being intensified.

     第十九条 发现涉及群体的、矛盾易激化的纠纷

    及时向领导汇报并和有关部门联系,积极做好疏导工作,防止矛盾激化。

   Article 20   After the case has been filed, if the party makes enquiry about issues such as whether the evidence is effective or whether the lawsuit can be won,

(1) Do not offer tendentious opinions;

(2) Inform the party that this type of issue can only be ascertained upon trial and ask the party to believe that the court will be impartial in the judgment.

     第二十条 当事人在立案后询问证据是否有效、能否胜诉等实体问题

    (一)不得向其提供倾向性意见;

    (二)告知此类问题只有经过审理才能确定,要相信法院会公正裁判。

   Article 21   After the case has been filed, if the party makes enquiry about the handling procedures or the time required for the case,

Inform the party of the handling procedures and the statutory time limit required for the case. Reply may not be refused by the reason that it is not related to the case filing work.

     第二十一条 当事人在立案后询问案件处理流程或时间

    告知案件处理流程和法定期限,不得以与立案工作无关为由拒绝回答。

   Article 22   If the party makes advance payment of legal proceeding fee,

(1) Determine the amount strictly according to the provisions. Do not collect additional amount or give discount at will;

(2) Where it is required to pay the fee at a designated bank, the party shall be informed in a timely manner of the account number and the location;

(3) Where the People's Court is required to collect it by itself, it shall issue receipt according to the provisions.

     第二十二条 当事人预交诉讼费

    (一)严格按规定确定数额,不得额外收取或者随意降低;

    (二)需要到指定银行交费的,及时告知账号及地点;

    (三)确需人民法庭自行收取的,应当按规定出具收据。

   Article 23   If the party has not paid the legal proceeding fee on time,

(1) Where a party is eligible for judicial assistance, inform the party that he may apply to defer payment or have the legal proceeding fee reduced or waived;

(2) Where a party is not eligible for judicial assistance, the party may be notified through written form to pay the fee within a stipulated time limit and informed that non-payment of overdue legal proceeding fee without proper justification shall be handled as a withdrawal of legal proceeding.

     第二十三条 当事人未及时交纳诉讼费

    (一)符合司法救助条件的,告知可以申请缓交或者减免诉讼费;

    (二)不符合司法救助条件的,可以书面形式通知其在规定期限内交费,并告知无正当理由逾期不交诉讼费的,将按撤诉处理。

   Article 24   If the party applies for property preservation and evidence preservation measures prior to the legal proceeding,

(1) Examine the conditions and reasons for application strictly and make a decision timely according to law;

(2) Enforce timely according to law any decision to adopt preservation and other measures. Where the conditions for application are not met, explain the reasons patiently;

(3) Do not abuse the pre-proceeding measures for property preservation and evidence preservation.

     第二十四条 当事人申请诉前财产保全、证据保全等措施

    (一)严格审查申请的条件和理由,及时依法作出裁定;

    (二)裁定采取保全等措施的,及时依法执行;不符合申请条件的,耐心解释原因;

    (三)不得滥用诉前财产保全、证据保全等措施。

   Article 25   If an expert testimony is entrusted by the party or by the court upon the application of the party,

(1) Where the expert testimony is entrusted upon mutual consent of the parties, the expert testimony shall be examined carefully and the testimony made through lawful procedure and with impartial conclusion shall be accepted. In respect of opinion of testimony which does not meet the requirements, re-appraisal may be required and reasons shall be explained.

(2) Where the expert testimony is entrusted by the court upon the application of the parties, a decision on whether to permit such entrustment shall be made timely and reply shall be given to the party. Where the expert testimony is allowed to be carried out, a testimony organization shall be entrusted to carry out the testimony timely according to provisions.

     第二十五条 当事人自行委托或者申请法院委托司法鉴定

    （一）当事人协商一致自行委托的，应当认真审查鉴定情况，对程序合法、结论公正的鉴定意见应当采信;对不符合要求的鉴定意见可以要求重新鉴定，并说明理由;

    （二）当事人申请法院委托的，应当及时做出是否准许的决定，并答复当事人;准许进行司法鉴定的，应当按照规定委托鉴定机构及时进行鉴定。

3. Court Trial

三、庭审

   Article 26   Basic requirements:

(1) Words and behaviors at court trial shall be regulated according to the standards. Establish good image.

(2) Strengthen the capacity of controlling the court trial. Ensure quality of the trial.

(3) Follow the court trial procedures strictly. Protect the rights of the parties in legal proceeding impartially.

(4) Maintain the order of court trial. Ensure the trial is carried out smoothly.

     第二十六条 基本要求

    (一)规范庭审言行,树立良好形象;

    (二)增强庭审驾驭能力,确保审判质量;

    (三)严格遵循庭审程序,平等保护当事人诉讼权利;

    (四)维护庭审秩序,保障审判活动顺利进行。

   Article 27   Preparation before the court session:

(1) Notify all parties to the legal proceeding of the time and location of the court session within the statutory period.

(2) For open trial, an announcement shall be made timely within the statutory period.

(3) Where the party applies for non-public trial, it shall be examined timely. Where the conditions are met, it shall be permitted. Where the conditions are not met, the case shall be tried openly and reasons shall be given.

(4) Where exchange of evidence is required to be carried out before the court session, reminder shall be given timely and initiative shall be taken to notify the time limit for the evidence production.

(5) Where the party applies to the court to obtain evidence, if it is truly the evidence which the party is unable to collect, the evidence shall be obtained and collected promptly without delay. Where it is unable to obtain the evidence, initiative shall be taken to inform of the reason. Where the evidence is obtainable by the party, the party shall be informed to collect it on his own accord.

(6) Conscientiously comply with the legal provisions and relevant systems on withdrawal. Where the application for withdrawal submitted by the party is refused, the party shall be given the reasons.

(7) For a case under trial where the parties are extremely emotional and the conflict is easily intensified, preparation for response plan shall be done properly before the court session to prevent occurrence of serious accident.

     第二十七条 开庭前的准备

    (一)在法定期限内及时通知诉讼各方开庭时间和地点;

    (二)公开审理的,应当在法定期限内及时公告;

    (三)当事人申请不公开审理的,应当及时审查,符合法定条件的,应当准许;不符合法定条件的,应当公开审理并解释理由;

    (四)需要进行庭前证据交换的,应当及时提醒,并主动告知举证时限;

    (五)当事人申请法院调取证据的,如确属当事人无法收集的证据,应当及时调查收集,不得拖延;证据调取不到的,应当主动告知原因;如属于当事人可以自行收集的证据,应当告知其自行收集;

    (六)自觉遵守关于回避的法律规定和相关制度,对当事人提出的申请回避请求不予同意的,应当向当事人说明理由;

    (七)审理当事人情绪激烈、矛盾容易激化的案件,应当在庭前做好工作预案,防止发生恶性事件。

   Article 28   If the time of court session originally determined needs to be changed,

(1) Time of court session may not be changed without reasons;

(2) Where it has to be extended due to special circumstance, the parties and other people attending the legal proceeding shall be notified immediately; and

(3) Where notification cannot be made, personnel shall be arranged to give explanation to the parties and other people iattending the legal proceeding at the time and location of the court trial originally determined.

     第二十八条 原定开庭时间需要更改

    (一)不得无故更改开庭时间;

    (二)因特殊情况确需延期的,应当立即通知当事人及其他诉讼参加人;

    (三)无法通知的,应当安排人员在原定庭审时间和地点向当事人及其他诉讼参加人解释。

   Article 29   Matters of attention during the hearing:

(1) Appear in court punctually. Do not be late. Do not leave early. Do not be absent.

(2) Before entering the court, the judge uniform or robe must be put on properly and stay clean and decent. Casual attire is strictly prohibited. The attire of the members of the collegial panel shall be uniform.

(3) Where passageway for judges has been set up, the passageway for judges shall be used.

(4) Generally, enter the court after the parties, attorneys, defense counsels and public prosecutors have entered the court, except where the aforesaid personnel are late or refuse to appear in court.

(5) Do not freely greet the parties to the legal proceeding. Do not engage in particularly intimate speech or behavior with one party.

(6) Appearance in court after consuming liquor is strictly prohibited.

     第二十九条 出庭时注意事项

    (一)准时出庭,不迟到,不早退,不缺席;

    (二)在进入法庭前必须更换好法官服或者法袍,并保持整洁和庄重,严禁着便装出庭;合议庭成员出庭的着装应当保持统一;

    (三)设立法官通道的,应当走法官通道;

    (四)一般在当事人、代理人、辩护人、公诉人等入庭后进入法庭,但前述人员迟到、拒不到庭的除外;

    (五)不得与诉讼各方随意打招呼,不得与一方有特别亲密的言行;

    (六)严禁酒后出庭。

   Article 30   Words and behaviors during court trial:

(1) Sitting posture shall be upright. Eradicate all types of indecent gestures.

(2) Concentrate and focus on the court trial. Do not engage in matters unrelated to the trial activities.

(3) Do not smoke, chat or doze off at the judgment seat. Do not pick up telephone call. Do not leave the judgment seat at will.

(4) Treat personnel related to the trial activities equally. Do not display intimacy with any party to the legal proceeding.

(5) Politely signal to the party and other people involving in the legal proceeding to speak.

(6) Do not ask question using tendentious language. Do not quarrel with the parties and other people involving in the legal proceeding.

(7) Use of judge gavel shall be done strictly according to the provisions. The striking the gavel shall be done to the extent that it can be heard at the observer area.

     第三十条 庭审中的言行

    (一)坐姿端正,杜绝各种不雅动作;

    (二)集中精力,专注庭审,不做与庭审活动无关的事;

    (三)不得在审判席上吸烟、闲聊或者打瞌睡,不得接打电话,不得随意离开审判席;

    (四)平等对待与庭审活动有关的人员,不与诉讼中的任何一方有亲近的表示;

    (五)礼貌示意当事人及其他诉讼参加人发言;

    (六)不得用带有倾向性的语言进行提问,不得与当事人及其他诉讼参加人争吵;

    (七)严格按照规定使用法槌,敲击法槌的轻重应当以旁听区能够听见为宜。

   Article 31   Allocation and control of time for the statement and argument by each party to the legal proceeding:

(1) Allocate the time of statement and argument during the trial fairly and reasonably to the parties to the legal proceeding according to the details of the case and the trial need.

(2) Do not randomly interrupt the statements of the parties, attorney and defense counsel.

(3) Where the parties, the attorneys or the defense counsels express their opinions repeatedly and unrelated to the case, appropriate reminder shall be given to stop it. Do not criticize using blunt words.

     第三十一条 对诉讼各方陈述、辩论时间的分配与控制

    (一)根据案情和审理需要,公平、合理地分配诉讼各方在庭审中的陈述及辩论时间;

    (二)不得随意打断当事人、代理人、辩护人等的陈述;

    (三)当事人、代理人、辩护人发表意见重复或与案件无关的,要适当提醒制止,不得以生硬言辞进行指责。

   Article 32   If the party uses dialect or the language of ethnic minority,

(1) Where a party to the legal proceeding can only speak dialect, it shall be allowed. Where the other party indicates that such dialect is not understandable, restatement in Mandarin may be carried out by a person who understands the dialect. The restatement shall be accurate and without error.

(2) Where statement is made in the language of an ethnic minority, and the other party indicates that such language is not understandable, interpretation shall be provided for him.

     第三十二条 当事人使用方言或者少数民族语言

    (一)诉讼一方只能讲方言的,应当准许;他方表示不通晓的,可以由懂方言的人用普通话进行复述,复述应当准确无误;

    (二)使用少数民族语言陈述,他方表示不通晓的,应当为其配备翻译。

   Article 33   If the party is extremely emotional, shouting that he is innocent or crying out his grievance in court,

(1) Reiterate that the party must observe the court discipline and that the court will grant him time of statement according to law.

(2) Where the party refuses to follow the instruction, he shall be stopped promptly.

(3) Where persuasion is ineffective, appropriate disposition shall be made according to the relevant provisions.

     第三十三条 当事人情绪激动,在法庭上喊冤或者鸣不平

    (一)重申当事人必须遵守法庭纪律,法庭将会依法给其陈述时间;

    (二)当事人不听劝阻的,应当及时制止;

    (三)制止无效的,依照有关规定作出适当处置。

   Article 34   If the parties to the legal proceeding are having dispute or carry out personal attack,

(1) Promptly stop it, at the same time, criticize and educate each party. Do not play favoritism to one party.

(2) Warn each party that they must focus on the case and make statement in an orderly manner.

(3) Where persuasion is ineffective, appropriate disposition shall be made according to the relevant provisions.

     第三十四条 诉讼各方发生争执或者进行人身攻击

    (一)及时制止,并对各方进行批评教育,不得偏袒一方;

    (二)告诫各方必须围绕案件依序陈述;

    (三)对不听劝阻的,依照有关规定作出适当处置。

   Article 35   When the parties sign on the trial transcript,

(1) Inform the parties of the legal effect of trial transcript. Hand the trial transcript to them for reading. Where the party has no reading capacity, it shall be read out to him. Upon confirmation that it is error free, it shall be signed and put on fingerprint.

(2) Where the party indicates that there is omission or mistake in the transcript, upon verification, it shall be corrected on the spot and the party shall be asked to sign and put on his fingerprint on the place of the correction. Where there is no omission or mistake and shall not be corrected, his application shall be placed on record.

(3) The party shall not be asked to sign and put on his fingerprint on the transcript without reading it out to him for verification.

(4) Where the party gives up his right to read and verify the transcript, he shall be asked to sign or put on his fingerprint on the transcript. Where the party neither reads nor signs or puts on his fingerprint on the transcript, this shall be placed on record.

     第三十五条 当事人在庭审笔录上签字

    (一)应当告知当事人庭审笔录的法律效力,将庭审笔录交其阅读;无阅读能力的,应当向其宣读,确认无误后再签字、捺印;

    (二)当事人指出记录有遗漏或者差错的,经核实后要当场补正并要求当事人在补正处签字、捺印;无遗漏或者差错不应当补正的,应当将其申请记录在案;

    (三)未经当事人阅读核对,不得要求其签字、捺印;

    (四)当事人放弃阅读核对的,应当要求其签字、捺印;当事人不阅读又不签字、捺印的,应当将情况记录在案。

   Article 36   Matters of attention in pronouncing judgment:

(1) In pronouncing judgment, it shall be carried out openly without exception.

(2) In pronouncing judgment, the members of the collegial panel or the sole judge shall stand up. The voice in reading out the judgment shall be loud, clear, accurate and without error.

(3) In pronouncing judgment in the court, the matter under judgment shall be pronounced and the justification for judgment shall be briefly explained as well as the statutory period for the service of judgment shall be informed.

(4) Where the judgment is pronounced at another specified time, the service of judgment shall be made immediately after the pronouncement of judgment.

(5) After pronouncement of judgment, where the parties to the legal proceeding make no praise or make criticism, or the parties raise doubts, explanation shall be given patiently.

     第三十六条 宣判时注意事项

    (一)宣告判决,一律公开进行;

    (二)宣判时,合议庭成员或者独任法官应当起立,宣读裁判文书声音要洪亮、清晰、准确无误;

    (三)当庭宣判的,应当宣告裁判事项,简要说明裁判理由并告知裁判文书送达的法定期限;

    (四)定期宣判的,应当在宣判后立即送达裁判文书;

    (五)宣判后,对诉讼各方不能赞赏或者指责,对诉讼各方提出的质疑,应当耐心做好解释工作。

   Article 37   If the case cannot be closed within the time limit of the trial term,

(1) Where the trial term needs to be extended, the review and approval formalities shall be gone through according to the provisions.

(2) The parties as well as other people involving in the legal proceeding shall be informed timely of the reasons for not being able to close the trial within a reasonable period prior to the expiry of the trial term or the change of proceeding.

     第三十七条 案件不能在审限内结案

    (一)需要延长审限的,按照规定履行审批手续;

    (二)应当在审限届满或者转换程序前的合理时间内,及时将不能审结的原因告知当事人及其他诉讼参加人。

   Article 38   If the People's Procuratorate files a protest against the judgment

(1) File a case according to law and carry out trial in accordance with the relevant provisions.

(2) Provide the necessary conditions and convenience to the procurator and the defense counsel as well as litigation attorney such as inspecting the files and copying the materials.

     第三十八条 人民检察院提起抗诉

    （一）依法立案并按照有关规定进行审理;

    （二）应当为检察人员和辩护人、诉讼代理人查阅案卷、复印卷宗材料等提供必要的条件和方便。

4. Mediation of Legal Proceeding

四、诉讼调解

   Article 39   Basic requirements:

(1) Establish the concept of mediation. Strengthen the awareness of mediation. Adhere to "giving priority to mediation, combining mediation and judgment". Bring the role of mediation in dispute resolution into full play.

(2) Effectively adhere to the principles of legitimacy and voluntariness. Prevent improper mediation and unilaterally pursuit of mediation rate.

(3) Pay attention to the mode and the method. Strengthen the capability in mediation and strive to realize the resolution of dispute at the closing of case.

     第三十九条 基本要求

    (一)树立调解理念,增强调解意识,坚持“调解优先、调判结合”,充分发挥调解在解决纠纷中的作用;

    (二)切实遵循合法、自愿原则,防止不当调解、片面追求调解率;

    (三)讲究方式方法,提高调解能力,努力实现案结事了。

   Article 40   With respect to the contact with the parties in the course of mediation

(1) Inquire about the willingness of the parties.

(2) The mediation work may be separately conducted with each of the parties according to the specific circumstances of the case.

(3) When contacting one party, fairness shall be maintained to avoid reasonable doubt being generated from the other party with regard to the neutrality of the judge.

     第四十条 在调解过程中与当事人接触

    (一)应当征询各方当事人的调解意愿;

    (二)根据案件的具体情况,可以分别与各方当事人做调解工作;

    (三)在与一方当事人接触时,应当保持公平,避免他方当事人对法官的中立性产生合理怀疑。

   Article 41   If only the attorney of the party is involved in the mediation,

(1) Conscientiously review whether the attorney has special authorization. Where there is special authorization, he may directly get involved in the mediation.

(2) Where there is no special authorization, and the attorney may participate in mediation and may reach mediation agreement, the agreement shall be signed or sealed by the party, or the party may retroactively process the formality of ratification of special authorization. Where necessary, the party may be asked to personally get involved in the mediation.

     第四十一条 只有当事人的代理人参加调解

    (一)认真审查代理人是否有特别授权,有特别授权的,可以由其直接参加调解;

    (二)未经特别授权的,可以参与调解,达成调解协议的,应当由当事人签字或者盖章,也可以由当事人补办特别授权追认手续,必要时,可以要求当事人亲自参加调解。

   Article 42   If one party indicates unwillingness to carry out mediation,

(1) Where mediation is possible, various ways may be adopted to actively guide the mediation.

(2) Where the party insists on accepting no mediation, he shall not be forced into mediation.

     第四十二条 一方当事人表示不愿意调解

    (一)有调解可能的,应当采用多种方式,积极引导调解;

    (二)当事人坚持不愿调解的,不得强迫调解。

   Article 43   If the mediation agreement harms the interest of others,

(1) Inform the party involved in the mediation to revise the provisions which involved the rights and obligations of others.

(2) Where the mediation agreement is found to damage the interests of others, the said mediation agreement shall not be confirmed as being effective.

     第四十三条 调解协议损害他人利益

    (一)告知参与调解的当事人应当对涉及到他人权利、义务的约定进行修正;

    (二)发现调解协议有损他人利益的,不得确认该调解协议内容的效力。

   Article 44   If the party demands for taking a stand on the issue of liability in the course of mediation,

A stand shall be taken based on facts of the case, legal provisions as well as the actual needs of mediation. Pay attention to the mode and the method. Strive to facilitate in the conclusion of mediation agreement by the parties.

     第四十四条 调解过程中当事人要求对责任问题表态

    应当根据案件事实、法律规定以及调解的实际需要进行表态,注意方式方法,努力促成当事人达成调解协议。

   Article 45   If the parties have differences over the mediation plan,

(1) Continue to carry out the coordination work well. Narrow the differences between the parties as far as possible so that the parties may make a choice again and strive to close the case through mediation.

(2) Where the differences are relatively big and mediation is in fact difficult, judgment shall be made timely according to law.

     第四十五条 当事人对调解方案有分歧

    （一）继续做好协调工作，尽量缩小当事人之间的分歧，以便当事人重新选择，争取调解结案;

    （二）分歧较大且确实难以调解的，应当及时依法裁判。

5. Production of Instruments

五、文书制作

   Article 46   Basic requirements

(1) Comply with the format and standards strictly. Enhance the capability in producing judgment document. Ensure the quality of judgment document. Maintain the solemnity and authority of judgment document.

(2) Judgment document for cases under general procedure shall have comprehensive content, thorough reasoning, rigorous logics, and use standard wording and concise language.

(3) Judgment document for cases under summary procedures shall be concise, accurate and standardized.

(4) Judgment document for cases where collegial panel is formed for the trial shall reflect the views of the majority.

     第四十六条 基本要求

    (一)严格遵守格式和规范,提高裁判文书制作能力,确保裁判文书质量,维护裁判文书的严肃性和权威性;

    (二)普通程序案件的裁判文书应当内容全面、说理透彻、逻辑严密、用语规范、文字精炼;

    (三)简易程序案件的裁判文书应当简练、准确、规范;

    (四)组成合议庭审理的案件的裁判文书要反映多数人的意见。

   Article 47   Accountability for the quality of judgment document

(1) The judge in charge of the case or the sole judge shall have the primary responsibility for the quality of judgment document. The members of the collegial panel shall have the secondary responsibility for the judgment document.

(2) The judge responsible for review, approval and issue of judgment document shall be examined strictly and checked carefully.

     第四十七条 裁判文书质量责任的承担

    (一)案件承办法官或者独任法官对裁判文书质量负主要责任,其他合议庭成员对裁判文书负有次要责任;

    (二)对裁判文书负责审核、签发的法官,应当做到严格审查、认真把关。

   Article 48   Statement of the trial procedures and full process of trial

(1) Accurately state the name of the parties, cause of the case, time of case filing, time of court trial, and appearance in court by people involving in the legal proceeding.

(2) Where summary procedures are changed to general procedures, the time and reasons for the change in procedures shall be stated.

(3) In case of addition of new parties or change of the parties, the time and reasons for the addition and change shall be stated.

(4) Certain important matters such as the process of the objection to trial jurisdiction, commissioning of expert testimony, evaluation, audit and extension of trial shall be accounted for accurately.

     第四十八条 对审判程序及审判全过程的叙述

    (一)准确叙述当事人的名称、案由、立案时间、开庭审理时间、诉讼参加人到庭等情况;

    (二)简易程序转为普通程序的,应当写明转换程序的时间和理由;

    (三)追加、变更当事人的,应当写明追加、变更的时间、理由等情况;

    (四)应当如实叙述审理管辖异议、委托司法鉴定、评估、审计、延期审理等环节的流程等一些重要事项。

   Article 49   Summary of the complaint and the defense of the respective parties to the legal proceeding

(1) Summarize briefly and accurately the claims and defense of the respective parties to the legal proceeding.

(2) The length shall be fairly and rationally allocated.

     第四十九条 对诉讼各方诉状、答辩状的归纳

    (一)简要、准确归纳诉讼各方的诉、辩主张;

    (二)应当公平、合理分配篇幅。

   Article 50   An account of the process of cross-examining and the focus of controversy

(1) Briefly describe the exchange of evidence before the court session and the process of cross-examining between the parties during the cross-examination phase of the trial.

(2) Accurately summarize the focus of controversy for the parties.

(3) Where the facts and legal relationship of the case are relatively complex, these shall be accounted for in paragraphs and sections on the basis of accurately summarizing the focus of controversy.

     第五十条 对当事人质证过程和争议焦点的叙述

    (一)简述开庭前证据交换和庭审质证阶段各方当事人质证过程;

    (二)准确概括各方当事人争议的焦点;

    (三)案件事实、法律关系较复杂的,应当在准确归纳争议焦点的基础上分段、分节叙述。

   Article 51   Account of the part on finding of facts in the judgment document of cases with general procedures

(1) Objective representation, rigorous logics, precise wording, avoiding the use of vocabulary which are obviously commendatory or derogatory.

(2) Accurately analyze and explain the reasons for why the evidences submitted by the parties are accepted or refused, as well as the facts that the accepted evidences support.

(3) Rational explanation shall be carried out on issues such as burden of proof, probative force of evidence as well as the criteria of proof.

     第五十一条 普通程序案件的裁判文书对事实认定部分的叙述

    (一)表述客观,逻辑严密,用词准确,避免使用明显的褒贬词汇;

    (二)准确分析说明各方当事人提交证据采信与否的理由以及被采信的证据能够证明的事实;

    (三)对证明责任、证据的证明力以及证明标准等问题应当进行合理解释。

   Article 52   Determination and analysis and argumentation of the trial outcome of cases under general procedures

(1) Accurate, objective and concise reasoning shall be carried out. Elaborate on the reasons as to whether to adopt the opinion of response, opinion of defense, and the opinion of the attorney, etc.

(2) In the trial of a criminal case, the verdict of guilty or not guilty shall be made according to the relevant provisions of the law and judicial interpretation and by incorporating specific facts of the case. Where it is confirmed to be guilty, analysis and ascertainment of the statutory and discretionary circumstances for heavier, lighter, reduced or remitted punishment shall be carried out.

(3) In the trial of a civil case, the legal relationship of the case shall be clarified, and the relationship of rights and obligation among the parties, the responsibility as well as the degree of the responsiblities to be borne by the parties shall be summarized and judged in details according to the relevant provisions of law, regulations and judicial interpretation and by incorporating specific circumstances of the case,

(4) In the trial of an administrative case, carry out analysis and argumentation on whether the specific administrative conduct carried out by the administrative organ and its personnel is legitimate, whether the legitimate rights and interest of the plaintiff have been infringed upon, and whether causality exists with the specific administration conduct of the respondent according to the relevant provisions of law, regulations and judicial interpretation and by incorporating the facts of the case.

     第五十二条 对普通程序案件定性及审理结果的分析论证

    (一)应当进行准确、客观、简练的说理,对答辩意见、辩护意见、代理意见等是否采纳要阐述理由;

    (二)审理刑事案件,应当根据法律、司法解释的有关规定并结合案件具体事实做出有罪或者无罪的判决,确定有罪的,对法定、酌定的从重、从轻、减轻、免除处罚情节等进行分析认定;

    (三)审理民事案件,应当根据法律、法规、司法解释的有关规定,结合个案具体情况,理清案件法律关系,对当事人之间的权利义务关系、责任承担及责任大小等进行详细的归纳评判;

    (四)审理行政案件,应当根据法律、法规、司法解释的有关规定,结合案件事实,就行政机关及其工作人员所作的具体行政行为是否合法,原告的合法权益是否被侵害,与被诉具体行政行为之间是否存在因果关系等进行分析论证。

   Article 53   Citation of articles of law

(1) In the section of argumentation for judgment section, the original texts of the law shall be cited. The exact articles, paragraphs and items of the law must be cited.

(2) Where the argumentation involves several controversial issues, every argument shall have a citation.

(3) In the final citation of the legal basis in the argumentation section of the main judgment text, only serial number of the legal articles will be cited.

     第五十三条 法律条文的引用

    (一)在裁判理由部分应当引用法律条款原文,必须引用到法律的条、款、项;

    (二)说理中涉及多个争议问题的,应当一论一引;

    (三)在判决主文理由部分最终援引法律依据时,只引用法律条款序号。

   Article 54   Errors in words after the pronouncement or service of judgment document

(1) In respect of general text typo or grammatically wrong sentence, explanation shall be given to the parties promptly and the judgment document shall be taken back. Correction shall be made and the correction seal shall be affixed or the judgment document shall be reproduced.

(2) In respect of important text error or grammatically wrong sentence, where it can be taken back immediately, take it back on the spot promptly and reproduce a new one. Where it cannot be taken back immediately, a ruling shall be made to correct it.

     第五十四条 裁判文书宣告或者送达后发现文字差错

    （一）对一般文字差错或者病句，应当及时向当事人说明情况并收回裁判文书，以校对章补正或者重新制作裁判文书;

    （二）对重要文字差错或者病句，能立即收回的，当场及时收回并重新制作;无法立即收回的，应当制作裁定予以补正。

6. Enforcement

六、执行

   Article 55   Basic requirements

(1) Timely and effective enforcement according to law. Ensure the solemnity and authority of the effective legal instrument and maintain the legitimate rights and interests of the parties.

(2) Insist on enforcing the judgment in a civilized manner. Adopt enforcement measures strictly according to law. Insist on the avoidance of omission of act and random act.

(3) Pay attention to the methodology. Focus on the legal effect and social effect of execution.

     第五十五条 基本要求

    (一)依法及时有效执行,确保生效法律文书的严肃性和权威性,维护当事人的合法权益;

    (二)坚持文明执行,严格依法采取执行措施,坚决避免不作为和乱作为;

    (三)讲求方式方法,注重执行的法律效果和社会效果。

   Article 56   Person subject to enforcement requests the enforcement officer to negotiate the enforcement with his attorney based on special authorization

(1) Deciding whether to contact the attorney of the person subject to enforcement, by considering whether such act will help the enforcement.

(2) Where it is in fact necessary to contact the person subject to c himself, the person subject to enforcement shall be informed of his obligation to cooperate with the enforcement work of the court and shall not give excuse not to do it.

     第五十六条 被执行人以特别授权为由要求执行人员找其代理人协商执行事宜

    (一)应当从有利于执行考虑,决定是否与被执行人的代理人联系;

    (二)确有必要与被执行人本人联系的,应当告知被执行人有义务配合法院执行工作,不得推托。

   Article 57   Enforcement applicant making telephone call or paying visit in order to inquire about the enforcement of the case

(1) Conscientiously make the record and explain the progress of enforcement timely.

(2) Where the enforcement applicant requests to read through the relevant case materials, it shall be permitted except where the law provides that it shall be kept confidential.

     第五十七条 申请执行人来电或者来访查询案件执行情况

    (一)认真做好记录,及时说明执行进展情况;

    (二)申请执行人要求查阅有关案卷材料的,应当准许,但法律规定应予保密的除外。

   Article 58   The party concerned requests for the return of original material

The original document shall be returned after the duplicate copy submitted by the party has been checked. It shall be archived for record after the said party signs or affixes the seal.

     第五十八条 有关当事人要求退还材料原件

    应当在核对当事人提交的副本后将原件退还,并由该当事人签字或者盖章后归档备查。

   Article 59   Search for property subject to enforcement

(1) Where the enforcement applicant provides clue to the court on property subject to enforcement, investigation shall be conducted promptly. The corresponding enforcement measures shall be taken according to law and the enforcement applicant shall be informed of the relevant situation.

(2) An active search for the property of the person subject to enforcement shall be conducted to the extent within the authority of office. The corresponding enforcement measures shall be adopted promptly accordingly to law.

     第五十九条 被执行财产的查找

    (一)申请执行人向法院提供被执行财产线索的,应当及时进行调查,依法采取相应的执行措施,并将有关情况告知申请执行人;

    (二)应当积极依职权查找被执行人财产,并及时依法采取相应执行措施。

   Article 60   The party subject to the enforcement requests for reconciliation

(1) The request for reconciliation shall be communicated to the other party promptly and the difficulty and risk of the enforcement shall be explained objectively through appropriate manner so as to facilitate the parties in reaching reconciliation.

(2) Where the party refuses to make settlement, the enforcement shall be carried on according to law.

(3) Where the enforcement applicant and the person subject to enforcement reaches reconciliation, a written reconciliation agreement shall be produced and archived or the content of reconciliation agreement reached orally shall be recorded in the transcript which shall be signed or affixed with seal by both parties.

     第六十条 执行当事人请求和解

    (一)及时将和解请求向对方当事人转达,并以适当方式客观说明执行的难度和风险,促成执行当事人达成和解;

    (二)当事人拒绝和解的,应当继续依法执行;

    (三)申请执行人和被执行人达成和解的,应当制作书面和解协议并归档,或者将口头达成的和解协议内容记入笔录,并由双方当事人签字或者盖章。

   Article 61   Deferment, termination or conclusion of enforcement

(1) The measures for deferment, termination or conclusion of enforcement shall be adopted strictly according to the statutory conditions and procedures.

(2) Inform the enforcement applicant of the facts and the relevant provisions of law on which the deferment, termination or conclusion of enforcement are based and patiently provide the proper explanation.

(3) Inform the enforcement applicant of the conditions and procedures for resuming the enforcement after the deferment, termination or conclusion of enforcement.

(4) Where the deferment, termination or conclusion of enforcement is in fact a mistake, it shall be corrected promptly according to law.

     第六十一条 执行中的暂缓、中止、终结

    (一)严格依照法定条件和程序采取暂缓、中止、终结执行措施;

    (二)告知申请执行人暂缓、中止、终结执行所依据的事实和相关法律规定,并耐心做好解释工作;

    (三)告知申请执行人暂缓、中止执行后恢复执行的条件和程序;

    (四)暂缓、中止、终结执行确有错误的,应当及时依法纠正。

   Article 62   The enforcement applicant raises objection to the jurisdiction of enforcement of the entrusted court

(1) Review whether the case meets the conditions of enforcement by entrustment. Where the conditions are not met, report to the leadership timely and adopt appropriate method to make correction.

(2) Where the conditions of enforcement by entrustment are met, inform the enforcement applicant the basis for the entrusted court to accept the enforcement and execute it according to law.

     第六十二条 被执行人对受委托法院执行管辖提出异议

    (一)审查案件是否符合委托执行条件,不符合条件的,及时向领导汇报,采取适当方式纠正;

    (二)符合委托执行条件的,告知被执行人受委托法院受理执行的依据并依法执行。

   Article 63   If a third party raises objection to the enforcement

(1) Demand the third party to provide the relevant evidence materials relevant to the objection and carry out investigation timely.

(2) Depending on the specific circumstance, restrictive measures on the property subject to enforcement may be adopted and disposal may be suspended.

(3) Where the objection is confirmed, adopt appropriate approach to make correction. Where the objection is not confirmed, it shall be rejected according to law.

     第六十三条 案外人对执行提出异议

    (一)要求案外人提供有关异议的证据材料,并及时进行审查;

    (二)根据具体情况,可以对执行财产采取限制性措施,暂不处分;

    (三)异议成立的,采取适当方式纠正;异议不成立的,依法予以驳回。

   Article 64   Adopting measures of sealing up, seizure, freezing, auction, selling off, etc of the property of the person subject to enforcement.

(1) Go through the formality strictly according to the provisions. The property of the person subject to enforcement shall not be sealed up, seized or frozen in excess of the limit or the amount.

(2) Conscientiously produce a list of properties against which measures have been taken. Record the type and quantity properly and have it signed or affixed with seal by the party as confirmation.

(3) Commission according to law the appraisal or the auction organization strictly according to the relevant provisions of auction and sell-off. Do not impair the legitimate rights and interest of the party.

     第六十四条 对被执行人财产采取查封、扣押、冻结、拍卖、变卖等措施

    (一)严格依照规定办理手续,不得超标的、超金额查封、扣押、冻结被执行人财产;

    (二)对采取措施的财产要认真制作清单,记录好种类、数量,并由当事人签字或者盖章予以确认;

    (三)严格按照拍卖、变卖的有关规定,依法委托评估、拍卖机构,不得损害当事人合法利益。

   Article 65   Collection of enforcement fund

(1) The enforcement fund shall be transferred directly into the special account for enforcement fund.

(2) Where the person subject to enforcement make payment in cash or bill on spot, the cash or bill shall be handed to the finance department of the court jointly with the person subject to enforcement and receipt shall be issued to the person subject to enforcement timely.

(3) For enforcement conducted at another location, through search and seizure, and for subject matter of small amount or in urgent situation, where the enforcement officer is required to collect cash or bill directly, the payer shall be issued a receipt immediately and the cash or bill handed over to the finance department of the court timely.

(4) Collection of fee from the enforcement applicant and person subject to enforcement in violation of regulations is strictly prohibited.

     第六十五条 执行款的收取

    (一)执行款应当直接划入执行款专用账户;

    (二)被执行人即时交付现金或者票据的,应当会同被执行人将现金或者票据交法院财务部门,并及时向被执行人出具收据;

    (三)异地执行、搜查扣押、小额标的执行或者因情况紧急确需执行人员直接代收现金或者票据的,应当即时向交款人出具收据,并及时移交法院财务部门;

    (四)严禁违规向申请执行人和被执行人收取费用。

   Article 66   Transfer of enforcement fund

(1) The settlement for the enforcement fee and enforcement fund shall be processed within the stipulated period and the enforcement applicant shall be informed to go through the formality for receiving the fund.

(2) Where extension of time is required for the transfer, the reasons shall be explained in writing before the expiry of the time limit and submitted to the relevant leadership for review and approval.

(3) Where the enforcement applicant entrusts or appoints another person to collect the fund on his behalf, the entrustment formality shall be examined to determine whether it is complete and effective, at the same time, the payee shall be asked to issue legitimate and valid receipt.

     第六十六条 执行款的划付

    (一)应当在规定期限内办理执行费用和执行款的结算手续,并及时通知申请执行人办理取款手续;

    (二)需要延期划付的,应当在期限届满前书面说明原因,并报有关领导审查批准;

    (三)申请执行人委托或者指定他人代为收款的,应当审查其委托手续是否齐全、有效,并要求收款人出具合法有效的收款凭证。

   Article 67   Person subject to enforcement refuse to perform its obliagation due to substantive or procedural error in the legal document in force

(1) Where the legal document in force indeed has error, the party shall be informed that re-trial or correction by the relevant court may be applied for according to the trial supervision procedure according to law, at the same time, report the same to the leadership timely.

(2) Where the legal document in force does not have error, the explanation shall be given timely and the enforcement shall be carried on.

     第六十七条 被执行人以生效法律文书在实体或者程序上存在错误而不履行

    (一)生效法律文书确有错误的,告知当事人可以依法按照审判监督程序申请再审或者申请有关法院补正,并及时向领导报告;

    (二)生效法律文书没有错误的,要及时做好解释工作并继续执行。

   Article 68   Relevant department and personnel do not assist in enforcement

(1) They shall be informed of the relevant provisions of law and proper persuasion and education work shall be done.

(2) if they still refuse to assist, relevant mandatory measures shall be adopted according to law.

     第六十八条 有关部门和人员不协助执行

    （一）应当告知其相关法律规定，做好说服教育工作;

    （二）仍拒不协助的，依法采取有关强制措施。

7. Handling of Petition Letter involving the Legal Proceeding

七、涉诉信访处理

   Article 69   Basic requirements

(1) Pay high attention to and conscientiously manage the work on petition letter involving the legal proceeding. Effectively protect the legitimate rights and interest of the person giving petition letter.

(2) Promptly handle the matter stated in the petition letter. Strive to entertain each visitor, deal with each incoming letter and reply to each complaint.

(3) Entertain the visitors in a civilized manner according to law. Maintain good image of the People's Court.

     第六十九条 基本要求

    (一)高度重视并认真做好涉诉信访工作,切实保护信访人合法权益;

    (二)及时处理信访事项,努力做到来访有接待、来信有着落、申诉有回复;

    (三)依法文明接待,维护人民法院良好形象。

   Article 70   Handling of incoming letters

(1) Read timely and register according to the provisions. Do not detain the letter without permission or delay in handling.

(2) Where it requires a reply or return of relevant materials, timely reply and return shall be made.

(3) Where it is required to be transferred to the relevant department and the court at lower level to handle, it shall be transferred timely for handling.

     第七十条 对来信的处理

    (一)及时审阅并按规定登记,不得私自扣押或者拖延不办;

    (二)需要回复和退回有关材料的,应当及时回复、退回;

    (三)需要向有关部门和下级法院转办的,应当及时转办。

   Article 71   Reception of visitors

(1) Entertain the visitors timely and learn the view of the visitor patiently and record it properly.

(2) Where answer can be provided on the spot, a reply shall be given immediately. Where answer cannot be provided on the spot, collect the materials and inform the visitor to wait for the outcome according to the agreed time limit.

     第七十一条 对来访的接待

    (一)及时接待,耐心听取来访人的意见并做好记录;

    (二)能当场解答的,应当立即给予答复,不能当场解答的,收取材料并告知按约定期限等待处理结果。

   Article 72   The visitor is elderly, sick, disabled or pregnant

(1) Receive in priority.

(2) Where the visitor is applying for assistance, assistance may be rendered in contacting the social assistance station depending on the situation.

(3) Where an accident takes place while receiving the visitor, appropriate first-aid measures shall be adopted immediately.

     第七十二条 来访人系老弱病残孕者

    (一)优先接待;

    (二)来访人申请救助的,可以根据情况帮助联系社会救助站;

    (三)在接待时来访人出现意外情况的,应当立即采取适当救护措施。

   Article 73   Group visit

(1) Report to the leadership. Arrange to entertain timely and contact the relevant department to handle jointly.

(2) Depending on the situation, inform that 1 to 5 representatives to be assigned to explain the purpose and reason for the visit.

(3) Stabilize the emotion of the visitor and carry out proper persuasion work.

     第七十三条 集体来访

    (一)向领导报告,及时安排接待并联系有关部门共同处理;

    (二)视情况告知选派1至5名代表说明来访目的和理由;

    (三)稳定来访人情绪,并做好劝导工作。

   Article 74   Petition matter does not fall under the scope of the court's jurisdiction

Inform that the court has no authority to handle and explain the reason. Specify the organ that has the authority to handle based on the content of the petition matter.

     第七十四条 信访事项不属于法院职权范围

    告知法院无权处理并解释原因,根据信访事项内容指明有权处理机关。

   Article 75   The petition matter involves the State's secret, trade secret or personal privacy

(1) Safekeeping of the materials involving secret and personal privacy.

(2) Conscientiously abide by the relevant provisions. Do not divulge or use the state secret, trade secret or personal privacy obtained in the course of petition work.

     第七十五条 信访事项涉及国家秘密、商业秘密或者个人隐私

    (一)妥善保管涉及秘密和个人隐私的材料;

    (二)自觉遵守有关规定,不披露、不使用在信访工作中获得的国家秘密、商业秘密或者个人隐私。

   Article 76   The petitioner reports on issues such as unfair court judgment, poor enforcement, trial style, etc pertaining to the court

(1) Earnestly record what the petitioner reports.

(2) Where there is refusal to accept the court judgment, inform that appeal, complaint or application for retrial may be made according to law.

(3) Where other issue is reported, transfer the materials timely to the relevant department of the court for handling.

     第七十六条 信访人反映辖区法院裁判不公、执行不力、审判作风等问题

    (一)认真记录信访人所反映的情况;

    (二)对法院裁判不服的,告知其可以依法上诉、申诉或者申请再审;

    (三)反映其他问题的,及时将材料转交法院有关部门处理。

   Article 77   The petitioner repeatedly sends letters or makes a visit to press for the outcome of handling.

(1) Inform the stipulated time frame and advise him to wait for the outcome patiently.

(2) Where the situation is urgent, inform the person or the department in charge of such matter timely.

(3) Where the time limit expires, inform the reason for exceeding the time limit.

     第七十七条 信访人反复来信来访催促办理结果

    (一)告知规定的办理期限,劝其耐心等待处理结果;

    (二)情况紧急的,及时告知承办人或者承办部门;

    (三)超过办理期限的,应当告知超期的理由。

   Article 78   The petitioner is not satisfied with the outcome and asks for re-disposal

(1) Where disposal is improper, report to the leadership timely and carry out correction according to the provisions.

(2) Where disposal is proper, relevant explanation shall be given and the procedure and basis shall be explained in details.

     第七十八条 信访人对处理结果不满,要求重新处理

    (一)处理确实不当的,及时报告领导,按规定进行纠正;

    (二)处理结果正确的,应当做好相关解释工作,详细说明处理程序和依据。

   Article 79   The petitioner indicates that he will stay in court or adopt other extreme approach if the issue is not resolved

(1) Carry out persuasion and education timely. Avoid using improper words or deeds that irritate the visitor.

(2) Report to the leadership immediately. Actively adopt appropriate measures and prevent accident from happening.

     第七十九条 来访人表示不解决问题就要滞留法院或者采取其他极端方式

    （一）及时进行规劝和教育，避免使用不当言行刺激来访人;

    （二）立即向领导报告，积极采取适当措施，防止意外发生。

8. Activities outside the work

八、业外活动

   Article 80   Basic requirements

(1) Abide by the social ethics. Observe discipline and abide by the law.

(2) Strengthen self-cultivation. Observe strict self-discipline.

(3) Constrain words and deeds outside work. Do not addict in undesirable hobbies and behaviors incompatible with the image of judge, and which may affect the impartial performance of duties. Conscientiously safeguard the image of judge.

     第八十条 基本要求

    (一)遵守社会公德,遵纪守法;

    (二)加强修养,严格自律;

    (三)约束业外言行,杜绝与法官形象不相称的、可能影响公正履行职责的不良嗜好和行为,自觉维护法官形象。

   Article 81   Invitation to participate in activities in symposium and seminars

(1) Invitations from organs, enterprises and public institutions, law firms, and intermediaries which are interested parties in the cases shall be declined.

(2) In respect of invitations from Party, government, military organs, academic groups, community organizations which are not interested parties in the cases, participation is allowed after approval is granted upon referral to the organization.

     第八十一条 受邀请参加座谈、研讨活动

    (一)对与案件有利害关系的机关、企事业单位、律师事务所、中介机构等的邀请应当谢绝;

    (二)对与案件无利害关系的党、政、军机关、学术团体、群众组织的邀请,经向单位请示获准后方可参加。

   Article 82   Invitation to join various social organizations or social activities

(1) Where it is required to join the social organization registered with the civil affair departments at various levels, it shall be reported to the court where the judge works for review and approval according to the administrative power and duties of the judge.

(2) Do not join profit-making social organizations.

(3) Do not accept invitation to meals, gifts and cash gift which are in violation of the requirement of honesty and integrity.

     第八十二条 受邀请参加各类社团组织或者联谊活动

    (一)确需参加在各级民政部门登记注册的社团组织的,及时报告并由所在法院按照法官管理权限审批;

    (二)不参加营利性社团组织;

    (三)不接受有违清正廉洁要求的吃请、礼品和礼金。

   Article 83   Engaging in activities such as writing and teaching.

(1) subject to not affecting the trial work, spare time may be utilized in engaging in activities such as writing, teaching, etc.

(2) In the course of writing and teaching, avoid making commentary on specific cases and parties concerned. Do not divulge or use the State's secret, trade secret and personal privacy as well as other non-public information obtained from the work.

(3) In respect of legitimate compensation received from participating in the activities outside the judicial duties, it shall be subject to tax according to law.

     第八十三条 从事写作、授课等活动

    (一)在不影响审判工作的前提下,可以利用业余时间从事写作、授课等活动;

    (二)在写作、授课过程中,应当避免对具体案件和有关当事人进行评论,不披露或者使用在工作中获得的国家秘密、商业秘密、个人隐私及其他非公开信息;

    (三)对于参加司法职务外活动获得的合法报酬,应当依法纳税。

   Article 84   Accepting interviews related to court work of the news media

(1) Accepting interviews of news media must be arranged or approved by the organization.

(2) During the interview, comments which are detrimental to the judicial justice shall not be made. Commentary on cases currently under trial and the parties concerned shall not be made. The State's secret, trade secret and personal privacy as well as other non-public information obtained in the course of work shall not be divulged.

     第八十四条 接受新闻媒体与法院工作有关的采访

    (一)接受新闻媒体采访必须经组织安排或者批准;

    (二)在接受采访时,不发表有损司法公正的言论,不对正在审理中的案件和有关当事人进行评论,不披露在工作中获得的国家秘密、商业秘密、个人隐私及其他非公开信息。

   Article 85   Conflicts between the judge, his relatives or friends and other people

(1) Stay calm and restrained. Resolve it through proper and legitimate means.

(2) Do not exploit the status of judge to seek special favor. Do not obstruct the resolution of issue by the relevant department.

     第八十五条 本人或者亲友与他人发生矛盾

    (一)保持冷静、克制,通过正当、合法途径解决;

    (二)不得利用法官身份寻求特殊照顾,不得妨碍有关部门对问题的解决。

   Article 86   The judge and family members encounter dispute which requires to be resolved through legal proceeding

(1) In respect of his own case or a case he is involved as the attorney for an immediate family member, the involvement in the legal proceeding shall be on an equal basis according to the relevant legal provisions.

(2) In the course of the legal proceeding, do not seek special favor in the capacity of a judge and do not exploit his power to collect the evidence required.

(3) In respect of other legal proceeding case of other non-immediate family member, the family member shall, in general, engage the attorney for legal proceeding on his own accord. It is not appropriate for the judge himself to be the attorney for the legal proceeding and get involved in the legal proceeding.

     第八十六条 本人及家庭成员遇到纠纷需通过诉讼方式解决

    (一)对本人的案件或者以直系亲属代理人身份参加的案件,应当依照有关法律规定,平等地参与诉讼;

    (二)在诉讼过程中不以法官身份获取特殊照顾,不利用职权收集所需证据;

    (三)对非直系亲属的其他家庭成员的诉讼案件,一般应当让其自行委托诉讼代理人,法官本人不宜作为诉讼代理人参与诉讼。

   Article 87   Matters of attention for social activities

(1) Conscientiously safeguard the image of a judge when participating in social activities.

(2) Going to commercial entertainment places by taking police car or in work uniform is strictly prohibited.

     第八十七条 出入社交场所注意事项

    (一)参加社交活动要自觉维护法官形象;

    (二)严禁乘警车、穿制服出入营业性娱乐场所。

   Article 88   Invitation by family member or friend to take part in feudal and superstitious activities

(1) Do not participate in cult organization or involve in feudal and superstitious activities.

(2) Advocate science to the family members and friends. Guide them into belief in science and opposition to feudalism and superstition.

(3) Where feudal or superstitious activity has been used to violate law and commit crime, it shall be reported to the relevant organization and public security department immediately.

     第八十八条 家人或者朋友约请参与封建迷信活动

    (一)不得参加邪教组织或者参与封建迷信活动;

    (二)向家人和朋友宣传科学,引导他们相信科学、反对封建迷信;

    (三)对利用封建迷信活动违法犯罪的,应当立即向有关组织和公安部门反映。

   Article 89   Going Abroad privately for visiting relatives or travelling

(1) Truthfully declare to the organization the country or region to which one will go to and the time of return. The travel should obtain the prior consent from the organization.

(2) Return to work punctually.

(3) Abide by the local law. Observe the local customs and tradition, and the religious practice.

(4) Pay attention to personal image and safeguard the dignity of the country.

     第八十九条 因私出国（境）探亲、旅游

    （一）如实向组织申报所去的国家、地区及返回的时间，经组织同意后方可出行;

    （二）准时返回工作岗位;

    （三）遵守当地法律，尊重当地民风民俗和宗教习惯;

    （四）注意个人形象，维护国家尊严。

9. Supervision and Disciplinary Action

九、监督和惩戒

   Article 90   People's Court at all levels shall require and supervise their own judges strictly in complying with these Codes of Conduct. The political departments and disciplinary and supervisory departments of the courts at all levels shall take direct responsibility.

     第九十条 各级人民法院要严格要求并督促本院法官遵守本规范,具体由各级法院的政治部门和纪检监察部门负责。

   Article 91   The People's Court at higher level shall guide and supervise the People's Court at lower level in implementation of these Codes of Conduct. The Supreme People's Court shall guide and supervise the local People's Courts at all levels in the implementation of these Codes of Conduct.

     第九十一条 上级人民法院指导、监督下级人民法院对本规范的贯彻执行,最高人民法院指导和监督地方各级人民法院对本规范的贯彻执行。

   Article 92   The local People's Courts at all levels shall incorporate the practice of their own courts, study and formulate the specific detailed rules on implementation or measures on implementation, and effectively strengthen the training and the assessment on these Codes of Conduct.

     第九十二条 地方各级人民法院应当结合本院实际,研究制定具体的实施细则或实施办法,切实加强本规范的培训与考核。

   Article 93   The People's Court at all levels and all the judges shall conscientiously comply and execute these Codes of Conduct. In respect of personnel in violation of these Codes of Conduct, where the circumstance is relatively mild and there is no harmful consequence, admonition and education through criticism shall be carried out. Where it constitutes violation of discipline, it shall be dealt with according to the relevant provisions of disciplinary sanction of the People's Court. Where it constitutes violation of law, it shall be dealt with sternly according to the provisions of the law.

     第九十三条 各级人民法院广大法官要自觉遵守和执行本规范，对违反本规范的人员，情节较轻且没有危害后果的，进行诫勉谈话和批评教育;构成违纪的，根据人民法院有关纪律处分的规定进行处理;构成违法的，根据法律规定严肃处理。

10. Supplementary Provisions

十、附则

   Article 94   The people's jury as well as other working staff of the People's Court shall use these Codes of Conduct as reference in implementation. Retired judges shall refer to the relevant requirements on restriction of words and deeds in these Codes of Conduct.

     第九十四条 人民陪审员以及人民法院其他工作人员参照本规范执行,法官退休后应当参照本规范有关要求约束言行。

   Article 95   The Supreme People's Court shall be responsible for the interpretation of these Codes of Conduct.

     第九十五条 本规范由最高人民法院负责解释。

   Article 96   These Codes of Conduct shall take effect on the day it is promulgated. The Codes of Conduct for Judges (Trial) promulgated by the Supreme People's Court on November 4, 2005 shall be abolished concurrently.

     第九十六条 本规范自发布之日起施行，最高人民法院2005年11月4日发布的《法官行为规范（试行）》同时废止。