Certain Opinions of the Supreme People's Court Regarding Further Reinforcement and Advancement of the Work of People's Assessors

最高人民法院关于进一步加强和推进人民陪审工作的若干意见

Promulgating Institution: Supreme People's Court

Document Number: Fa Fa [2010] No. 24

Promulgating Date: 06/29/2010

Effective Date: 06/29/2010

颁布机关: 最高人民法院

文    号: 法发[2010]24号

颁布时间: 06/29/2010

实施时间: 06/29/2010

Text

正文

For the purposes of thoroughly implementing the Decisions of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on Improvement of People's Assessor System (hereinafter referred to as the "Decision"), further strengthening and advancing the work of people's assessors, continuously improving the people's assessor system, bringing the important roles of the people's courts in thoroughly promoting such three key tasks as resolution of social conflicts, innovation in social administration and equitable and honest law enforcement into full play, the opinions on strengthening and advancing the work of people's assessors for a certain period in the future are hereby put forward as follows in pursuance of the spirit of the Decision and the relevant documents and by combining with the actual work of the people's assessors.

    为深入贯彻落实《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于完善人民陪审员制度的决定》（以下简称《决定》），进一步加强和推进人民陪审工作，不断完善人民陪审员制度，充分发挥人民法院在深入推进社会矛盾化解、社会管理创新、公正廉洁执法三项重点工作中的重要作用，依据《决定》和相关文件精神，结合人民陪审工作实际，现就今后一个时期加强和推进人民陪审工作提出如下意见。

1. To continue to deepen the understanding, reinforce the overall work of people's assessors

(1) Strengthening and advancing the work of the people's assessors will be beneficial to the improvement of the socialist judicial systems and promotion of judicial democracy. Implementation of the people's assessor system is an important and direct way for the people to get involved in administering the national affairs in accordance with the law in the judicial sector. It is an important content for sound socialist, democratic and political systems, an important manifestation of the socialist judicial democracy in China as well as concrete manifestation of the people's channel of our Party in the people's judicial work. Deep understanding of the positive significance of the people's assessor system, bringing the unique strength of the majority of the people's assessors in connecting with the people, getting familiarized with the people and representing the people within the judicial trial sector, allowing ordinary citizens to assist in the administration of justice, witness the administration of justice and take charge of the administration of justice, and fully reflecting the democratic function of the administration of justice will be able to achieve a more focused access to the people's sentiment, reflection of the public opinions and pooling of the people's wisdom, and realization of the people's democracy to a larger extent.

(2) Strengthening and advancing the work of the people's assessors will be beneficial to the assurance of impartiality and integrity of the administration of justice. In involving in the trial cases, the people's assessors focus on analyzing and making judgment of the cases from aspects of social and moral standards. This shall effectively realize the complementation between the general public's thinking and the professional thinking of the judges. The people's perspective of the people's assessors and the varying professional background and specialization are beneficial to the thorough investigation of the facts of the cases, proper applicability of law and in ensuring fair verdicts. The people's assessors are equipped with the advantages of knowing the sentiment of the people and understanding the public opinions. They will also use the language that is familiar to and easily understood by the people in interpreting the law which is beneficial in persuading and convincing the parties concerned to come to mutual understanding and compromise, patch up the lawsuit and resolve the disputes. These further enhance the quality and efficiency of case handling. The people's assessors come from all walks of lives. By getting involved in the trial, they raise the transparency of the trial process and promote the openness in the administration of justice. These are beneficial to the further tightening of and bringing the roles of the collegial panel in mutual supervision and mutual restraint into full play and joint resistance against all types of illegal intervention which facilitates the independent and impartial exercise of judicial power by the people's courts in accordance with the law.

(3) Strengthening and advancing the work of the people's assessors will be beneficial in boosting the judicial authority. The implementation of the people's assessor system and the adherence to the people channel of the judicial work enable the judicial activities to move closer to the social life, move closer to the people and move closer to the needs of the times. This is an effective way for the people to experience the impartiality of the administration of justice directly and for the administration of justice to get close to the people. It is beneficial in having all facets of the society to objectively understand the real working conditions of the courts, reducing and eliminating the misunderstanding that may arise in the society towards the trying of cases in the courts and further strengthening the judicial authority of the people's courts so as to better realize the organic unification of the legal effect and the social effect of the case judgment.

     一、不断深化认识，全面加强人民陪审工作

    1、加强和推进人民陪审工作有利于完善社会主义司法制度、弘扬司法民主。实行人民陪审员制度，是人民群众在司法领域依法参与管理国家事务的一种重要的、直接的形式，是健全社会主义民主政治制度的重要内容，是我国社会主义司法民主的重要体现，也是我党的群众路线在人民司法工作中的具体体现。深刻认识人民陪审员制度的积极意义，充分发挥广大人民陪审员在司法审判领域中联系群众、熟悉群众、代表群众等方面所具有的独特优势，让普通公民协助司法、见证司法、掌理司法，充分体现司法的民主功能，可以更集中地通达民情，反映民意，凝聚民智，在更大程度上实现人民民主。

    2、加强和推进人民陪审工作有利于保证司法的公正、廉洁。人民陪审员参与审判案件，注重从社会道德标准等方面对案件进行分析、判断，从而有效实现大众思维与法官职业思维的互补;人民陪审员的群众视角、不同职业背景和专长，有利于查清案件事实，正确适用法律，确保裁判公正。人民陪审员具有知民情、解民意的优势，并以群众熟悉、易懂的语言解读法律，有利于劝导说服当事人互谅互让、息诉解纷，进一步提高办案质量和效率。人民陪审员来自各界群众，他们参与审判，提高了审判活动的透明度，促进了司法公开，有利于进一步增强并发挥合议庭成员相互监督、相互制约的作用，共同抵御各种非法干预，有助于人民法院依法、独立、公正地行使审判权。

    3、加强和推进人民陪审工作有利于增强司法权威。实行人民陪审员制度，坚持司法工作的群众路线，使司法活动更加贴近社会生活、贴近人民群众、贴近时代要求，这是人民群众直接感受司法公正、司法走近人民的有效途径，有利于社会各界客观了解法院工作的真实情况，减少、消除社会上对法院审判案件可能产生的误解，进一步增强人民法院的司法权威，从而更好地实现案件裁判法律效果与社会效果的有机统一。

2. To broaden the scope of selection and appointment, strictly apply the appointment and removal procedures

(4) All basic people's courts shall expand the number of people's assessors selected and appointed appropriately according to the number and characteristics of the cases in their own jurisdictions, population size, geographic area, ethnic status as well as factors like the needs of the people's courts at a higher level in randomly selecting the people's assessors from their own courts, based on the ratio of the number of people's assessors selected and appointed not lower than one-half of the number of judges currently appointed in their own courts, and under the premise of funding assurance and permissible condition for training, as well as promptly submit to the Standing Committee of the People's Congress at the same level for appointment.

(5) The selection and appointment of the people's assessors shall generally be conducted once every five years. The number of people's assessors may also be increased appropriately in line with the needs of the local trial work and according to the statutory procedures. Basic people's court that carries out the increase work shall promptly submit the situation of the increase work to the high people's court hierarchically for record filing.

(6) All basic people's courts shall set up the information bank for people's assessors as well as candidates, at the same time, classify them into different categories in accordance with elements such as location of the region, industry and expertise so as to adapt to the needs of the assessor work.

(7) During the selection and appointment of the people's assessors, attention shall be given by considering the composition ratio for all levels of personnel in the society, pay attention to assimilating personnel from different industries, different professions, different ages, different nationalities and different genders so as to reflect the extensiveness and representativeness in the sources.

(8) All high people's courts shall set up realistically viable exit mechanism for the people's assessors according to the actual work in their own jurisdictions. Where the assessor duties cannot be performed due to reasons such as changes in the profession or job or personal health, the people's court shall submit for a discharge from the duties of its people's assessor with the Standing Committee of the People's Congress at the same level in accordance with the statutory procedures.

(9) Where a people's assessor refuses to participate in trial cases for more than three times without proper reason within three-year period, it shall be deemed as resignation. The people's court shall process the relevant formalities in accordance with the procedures.

     二、拓宽选任范围，严格任免程序

    4、各基层人民法院根据本辖区案件的数量及特点、人口数量、地域面积、民族状况，以及满足上级人民法院从本院随机抽取人民陪审员的需要等因素，按照人民陪审员选任名额不低于本院现任法官人数的二分之一的比例，并在经费保障、培训条件许可的前提下，适当扩大人民陪审员的选任数量，及时提请同级人民代表大会常务委员会任命。

    5、人民陪审员选任一般应当每五年选任一次，也可以根据当地审判工作需要，依照法定程序适当增补人民陪审员。开展增补工作的基层人民法院，应当及时将增补工作情况逐级层报高级人民法院备案。

    6、各基层人民法院应当建立人民陪审员以及候选人员信息库，并根据所在区域、行业、专长等要素归入不同类别，以适应陪审工作的需要。

    7、在选任人民陪审员工作中，应当注意兼顾社会各阶层人员的结构比例，注意吸收社会不同行业、不同职业、不同年龄、不同民族、不同性别的人员，以体现其来源的广泛性和代表性。

    8、各高级人民法院应当根据本辖区工作实际，建立切实可行的人民陪审员退出机制。由于职业或岗位发生变动或者身体健康等原因，无法继续履行陪审职务的，人民法院应当按照法定程序提请同级人民代表大会常务委员会免除其人民陪审员职务。

    9、人民陪审员在三年时间内，无正当理由拒绝参加陪审案件超过三次的，视为辞职。人民法院应当按程序办理相关手续。

3. To perform the duties and responsibilities in accordance with law, realistically protect the rights

(10) Where according to the legal provisions, the people's assessors should participate in the trial of a case, the people's court must arrange for the people's assessors and the judge to jointly form a collegial panel in conducting the trial. The parties concerned may not refuse without statutory grounds.

(11) Where the defendant of a criminal case of first instance, the plaintiff or the defendant of a civil and commercial case and the plaintiff of an administrative case apply for the people assessors to join in the collegial panel in the trial, the people's court shall arrange for the people assessors and the judge to jointly form a collegial panel to conduct the trial.

Where the people's court obtains the consent of the parties concerned as provided in the preceding paragraph to form a collegial panel made up of people's assessors and the judge jointly for the trial of a case, it shall be deemed as an application.

(12) Where one party applies for the application of assessors and the other party does not agree, the people's court shall not arrange for the people's assessors to join the collegial panel in the trial. However, a case where assessors shall be applicable as provided by law shall be excluded.

(13) The people's court shall provide working convenience and conditions for the people's assessors in examining the case file and participating in the trial activities. People's assessors who receive notice shall complete the examination work before the court session for the case commences.

(14) The chief judge shall guide and ensure the people's assessors exercise the rights according to the law. During the hearing of the case, upon consent by the chief judge, the people's assessors may get involved in the joint investigation of the case, directly raise question during the hearing in court or carry out mediation of the case independently, etc.

(15) The collegial panel shall ensure the rights of the people's assessors in expressing autonomous and independent opinions in the course of the deliberation of the case. The chief judge and other members of the collegial panel may not exert undue influence or interference.

(16) Where there are differences in the opinions of the people's assessors and other members of the collegial panel, their opinions shall be entered into the records. Where necessary, the people's assessors may request the collegial panel to file the case with the court president for decision on whether to file it with the judicial committee for discussion and decision. However, the reason shall be explained. The request and reasons put forward by the people's assessors shall be entered into the deliberation records.

(17) The people's assessors have been invited to attend and participate in the discussion of the case with the judicial committee, other than not being able to exercise the right to vote, they may express their opinions with the judicial committee.

     三、依法履行职责，切实保障权利

    10、依照法律规定，应当由人民陪审员参与审判的案件，人民法院必须安排人民陪审员和法官共同组成合议庭审判，当事人无法定理由不得拒绝。

    11、第一审刑事案件被告人、民商事案件原告或者被告、行政案件原告申请由人民陪审员参加合议庭审判的，人民法院应当安排人民陪审员和法官共同组成合议庭审判。

    人民法院征得前款规定的当事人同意由人民陪审员和法官共同组成合议庭审判案件的，视为申请。

    12、当事人一方申请适用陪审，另一方不同意的，人民法院不安排人民陪审员参加合议庭审判案件，但属于法律规定应当适用陪审的案件除外。

    13、人民法院应当为人民陪审员查阅案卷、参加审判活动提供工作便利和条件。接到陪审通知的人民陪审员，应当在案件开庭前完成阅卷工作。

    14、审判长应当指导、保障人民陪审员依法行使权利。案件审理中，经审判长同意，人民陪审员可以参与案件共同调查、在庭审中直接发问、独立进行案件调解等。

    15、合议庭应当保障人民陪审员在案件评议过程中自主、独立发表意见的权利。审判长和合议庭其他成员不得施加不当影响或阻碍。

    16、人民陪审员同合议庭其他组成人员意见分歧的，应当将其意见写入笔录，必要时，人民陪审员可以要求合议庭将案件提请院长决定是否提交审判委员会讨论决定，但应当说明理由。人民陪审员提出的要求及理由应当写入评议笔录。

    17、人民陪审员应邀列席参加审判委员会讨论其陪审的案件时，除不得行使表决权外，可以在审判委员会上发表意见。

4. To improve the random selection mechanism, standardize the working procedures for assessors

(18) All basic people's courts shall further improve the operating system and assurance mechanism for the random selection of people's assessors to participate in the hearing of the case in accordance with the working objectives of scientific, standardized and convenient operation so as to ensure that the principles of extensiveness and mass in the Decision related to the people's assessor work can be implemented.

(19) The people's assessors to be participated in the hearing of case shall be determined through adopting the random selection method. The people's court shall adopt an appropriate method before the court session to randomly select and determine the people's assessors from the list of people's assessors. Where the case hearing has a need, it can be randomly selected from the range of people's assessors of the relevant types such as region, industry or profession.

(20) Where the trial of a case by the intermediate people's court or the high people's court requires by law the involvement of people's assessors in the trial by collegial panel, these shall be randomly selected and determined from the list of people's assessors of the basic people's court at the prefecture-level city where it is located at within its jurisdiction.

(21) Where the trial of a case by the maritime court, forestry court, railway court, reclamation court, oil field court, mining court or development area court requires by law the involvement of people's assessors in the trial by collegial panel, these shall be randomly selected and determined from the list of people's assessors of the basic people's court at the prefecture-level city where it is located at and under its administration or within the jurisdiction of the case.

(22) Where a people's assessor also takes up the role of a people's mediator, he/she may not get involved in the case which has earlier been mediated by him/her.

(23) In involving in the trial activities, the people's assessor shall comply with all types of provisions and requirements of the judicial discipline and etiquette.

(24) The recusal of people's assessors shall be executed in reference to the law and regulations related to the recusal of judge.

     四、完善随机抽取机制，规范陪审工作程序

    18、各基层人民法院应当按照科学、规范、方便操作的工作目标，进一步完善人民陪审员随机抽取参加案件审理的工作制度和保障机制，确保《决定》关于人民陪审工作的广泛性和群众性原则得到贯彻执行。

    19、参加案件审理的人民陪审员，应当采取随机抽取的方式来确定。人民法院应当在开庭前采取适当方式，从人民陪审员名单中随机抽取确定人民陪审员。如案件审理确有需要，可以在相关地域、行业、专业等类型的人民陪审员范围内随机抽取。

    20、中级人民法院、高级人民法院审判案件依法应当由人民陪审员参加合议庭审判的，在其所在地级市辖区内的基层人民法院人民陪审员名单中随机抽取确定。

    21、海事法院、林业法院、铁路法院、垦区法院、油田法院、矿区法院、开发区法院审判案件依法应当由人民陪审员参加合议庭审判的，可在其所在地级市辖区内的基层人民法院或案件管辖区内的人民陪审员名单中随机抽取确定。

    22、人民陪审员兼具人民调解员身份的，不得参加陪审由其先行进行调解的案件。

    23、人民陪审员参加审判活动，应当遵守司法纪律和礼仪的各项规定和要求。

    24、人民陪审员的回避，参照有关法官回避的法律规定执行。

5. To earnestly strengthen the work on training, overall enhance the capability of the assessors

(25) All high people's courts shall promptly submit the overall plan and execution opinions on the training work for people's assessors of their own jurisdiction, at the same time, report them to the Supreme People's Court for record filing.

(26) Upon appointment, the people's assessor shall, in line with the provisions, receive pre-job training before getting involved in the trial of cases at the people's court according to the law. The content, format and method of pre-job training shall be designed and arranged according to the actual needs of the people's assessor involving in the trial activities. Pre-job training shall be undertaken primarily by all high people's courts or the intermediate people's courts authorized by them.

(27) The content of pre-job training comprises of socialist concept of rule of law, professional ethic of the judge, judicial system in China, trial discipline, judicial etiquette, provision for corruption-free government, as well as basic knowledge of law, basic rules of trial work, etc. The people's court may also incorporate the case characteristics of its own area and the types and arrange for the training content.

(28) The people's court shall carry out training on political theory and newly promulgated law and regulations, and judicial interpretation in a planned and organized manner for people's assessors during their tenure according to the needs of the trial work. The daily office training shall be undertaken primarily by the basic people's court at the domicile of the people's assessors.

(29) The format and method of office training shall be determined based on the characteristics and the actual situation of the people's assessor. Besides adopting centralized training through teaching, methods such as targeted observation at court hearing, case study teaching, simulated demonstration, electronic teaching, road show teaching, etc., may also be adopted as well as organize special-topic discussion for people's assessors on hot, difficult and key cases. The office training may not be less than 20 credit hours.

     五、切实加强培训工作，全面提升陪审能力

    25、各高级人民法院应当及时提出本辖区人民陪审员培训工作的总体方案和实施意见，并报最高人民法院备案。

    26、人民陪审员经任命后，应当按照规定，在依法参加人民法院案件审判前接受岗前培训。岗前培训的内容、形式和方法，应当根据人民陪审员参加审判活动的实际需要进行设计和安排。岗前培训主要由各高级人民法院或由其授权的中级人民法院承担。

    27、岗前培训内容包括社会主义法治理念、法官职业道德、中国司法制度、审判纪律、司法礼仪、廉政规定以及法律基础知识、审判工作基本规则等。人民法院也可结合本地区案件特点与类型安排培训内容。

    28、人民法院应当根据审判工作的需要，有计划、有组织地对任职期间的人民陪审员进行政治理论和新颁法律法规、司法解释的培训。日常任职培训主要由人民陪审员所在的基层人民法院承担。

    29、任职培训的形式和方法应当根据人民陪审员的特点和实际情况确定，除了采取集中授课培训外，还可以采取有针对性的庭审观摩、案例教学、模拟演示、电化教学、巡回教学等方法，以及组织人民陪审员对热点、难点、重点案件进行专题研讨等。任职培训不得少于20个学时。

6. To tighten the administration and appraisal, implement funding assurance

(30) The people's courts at all levels shall set up people's assessor management office according to the operating needs and actual conditions. It shall take charge of formulating and implementing all types of administration system and concrete measures for people's assessor work.

(31) The basic people's court shall carry out dynamic appraisal of people's assessors, set up sound appraisal and administration systems, set up performance files for assessor work by focusing on the appraisal of details such as the number of cases, the court attendance, assessor capacity, trial discipline, style of trial, etc. The integrity and self-discipline of people's assessors and the situation of an impartial administration of justice shall be included in the work scope for corruption-free supervision by the basic people's court.

(32) Before the end of each year, the basic people's court at the domicile of the people's assessor shall notify the people's assessor himself/herself of the appraisal results in writing as well as the entity to which he/she belongs (or the location of the household register or the basic level organization at the regular place of residence), at the same time, submit the relevant appraisal status to the local committee of internal and judicial affairs of People's Congress and the judicial administrative organ at the same level.

(33) The people's assessor enjoys the same right as the judge involving in the collegial panel. At the same time, he/she shall also fulfill the same obligations. During the period in which the people's assessor performs his/her duties, where abuse of power and misconduct in office, and playing favoritism and committing irregularities arise, the people's court shall carry out criticism and education depending on the circumstance. Where the circumstance is serious, remove the duty of a people's assessor according to the statutory procedures and recommend the entity or the basic level organization to which he/she belongs to deal with it. Where it constitutes a crime, he/she shall be investigated for criminal liability according to law.

(34) The essential expenses disbursed as a result of the people's assessor involving in the trial activities shall be included in the scope of funding and expenditure for case handling (business) for the people's court. The people's courts at all levels shall actively study and implement the contents of the existing policies and provisions jointly with the relevant departments at the same level such as the finance department, expand the contribution of funds and standardize the scope of use.

(35) All high people's courts shall study and determine the subsidy criteria and subsidy method for the people's assessors involving in the trial activities within its own jurisdiction.

(36) The people's assessors involving in intermediate people's court, high people's court as well as other court trial activities shall be granted subsidy by the relevant court according to the provisions.

     六、强化管理与考核，落实经费保障

    30、各级人民法院应当根据工作需要和现实条件设立人民陪审工作管理办公室，负责制定并落实人民陪审工作的各项管理制度和具体措施。

    31、基层人民法院应当对人民陪审员进行动态考核，建立健全考核管理制度，建立陪审工作绩效档案，着重就陪审案件的数量、出庭率、陪审能力、审判纪律、审判作风等内容进行考核，人民陪审员的廉洁自律、公正司法情况，纳入所在基层人民法院廉政监督工作范围。

    32、每年年终前，由人民陪审员所在基层人民法院将考核结果书面通知人民陪审员本人及其所在单位（或户籍所在地、经常居住地的基层组织），同时将有关考核情况报送当地同级人民代表大会内务司法委员会和司法行政机关。

    33、人民陪审员与参加合议庭的法官享有同等的权利，同时也应当履行同等的义务。人民陪审员在履行陪审职责期间，如出现滥用职权、玩忽职守、徇私舞弊等情形的，人民法院应当视其情节对其进行批评教育，情节严重的，依照法定程序免除其人民陪审员职务，建议所在单位或基层组织对其进行处理，构成犯罪的，依法追究其刑事责任。

    34、人民陪审员参与审判活动所支出的必要费用纳入人民法院办案（业务）经费开支范围。各级人民法院应当积极与同级财政部门等相关部门共同研究落实现有政策规定的内容，加大经费投入，规范使用范围。

    35、各高级人民法院研究确定本辖区人民陪审员参加审判活动的补助标准和补助方式。

    36、人民陪审员参加中级人民法院、高级人民法院以及其他法院审判活动的，由相关法院按照规定给予补助。

7. To strengthen the organizational leadership, ensure the implementation of the system

(37) The people's courts at all levels shall list the people's assessor work as an important agenda, actively create the conducive conditions, adopt practical and effective measures and ensure the relevant provisions of the Decision and Supreme People's Court are put in place. The people's courts at all levels shall promote actively and steadily the implementation of people's assessor system under the leadership from the Party, supervision from the People's Congress and support from the government, take active initiative in reporting major issues and the progress to the Party committee and People's Congress, strengthen the communication and coordination with the judicial administrative organ and the finance department.

(38) The people's court at a higher level shall proactively step out to assist the people's court at a lower level in doing more work, coordinating and supervising the relevant departments in earnestly resolving all types of difficulties and issues encountered in the course of people's assessor work.

(39) The people's court at all levels shall step up the publicity work on the people's assessor system, adopt practical and effective measures, extensively use the newspapers, broadcast, television, network and various types of media to fully manifest the guiding role of public opinions, aggressively publicize the important significance of the people's assessor system, summarize and publicize the experience and practices of the excellent people's assessors; improve the publicity approach, pay attention in publicizing typical cases of people's assessors and the significant effect, strive for full recognition of the people's assessor work from all facets of the society, actively create the desirable atmosphere of supporting the people's assessors in performing the trial duty according to the law and paying attention to the trial work of the courts throughout the entire society.

     七、加强组织领导，抓好制度落实

    37、各级人民法院应当将人民陪审工作列入重要议事日程，积极创造有利条件，采取切实有效措施，确保《决定》和最高人民法院的有关规定落实到位。实施人民陪审员制度，各级人民法院应当在党委领导、人大监督、政府支持下积极稳妥地推行。积极主动地向党委、人大汇报重大问题和进展情况，加强与司法行政机关、财政部门的沟通和协调。

    38、上级人民法院应当主动出面帮助下级人民法院多做工作，协调、督促相关部门切实解决人民陪审工作中遇到的各种困难和问题。

    39、各级人民法院应当加强对人民陪审员制度的宣传工作，采取切实有效的措施，广泛利用报纸、广播、电视、网络等各种媒体，充分发挥社会舆论的引导作用，大力宣传人民陪审员制度的重要意义，总结宣传优秀人民陪审员的经验、做法。改进宣传方法，注重宣传人民陪审员的典型案例和显著效果，争取社会各界对人民陪审工作的充分认同，在全社会积极营造支持人民陪审员依法履行审判职责、关注法院审判工作的良好氛围。