Certain Provisions of the Supreme People's Court on Strict Implementation of Withdrawal System by Judicial Officers

最高人民法院关于审判人员严格执行回避制度的若干规定

Promulgating Institution: Supreme People's Court

Document Number: Fa Fa [2000] No.5

Promulgating Date: 01/31/2000

Effective Date: 01/31/2000

颁布机关: 最高人民法院

文    号: 法发[2000]5号

颁布时间: 01/31/2000

实施时间: 01/31/2000

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正文

In order to ensure the justice of the judicial system, in accordance with the Organic Law of the People's Courts, Criminal Procedure Law, Civil Procedure Law, Administrative Procedure Law and other relevant laws, the relevant issues concerning the implementation of withdrawal system by judicial officers are hereby specified as follows:

    为确保司法公正,根据人民法院组织法、刑事诉讼法、民事诉讼法、行政诉讼法和其他法律的有关规定,现就审判人员执行回避制度及有关问题规定如下:

   Article 1   Where judicial officers are involved under any of the following circumstances, they shall voluntarily withdraw from the case, and the parties and their statutory agents shall have the right to demand their withdrawal:

(1) The judicial officers are parties to the case, or lineal relatives by blood, collateral relatives by blood up to the third degree of kinship, or relatives by affinity;

(2) Judicial officers themselves or their close relatives have an interest in a case;

(3) They have served as witnesses, expert witnesses, inspectors, defenders, or agents ad litem to the case;

(4) The relationships between the judicial officers and the agents ad litem to the case involve spouses, parents, children, or siblings; and

(5) The relationships between judicial officers and the parties to the case involve other interests likely to affect the impartial handling of the case.

     第一条 审判人员具有下列情形之一的,应当自行回避,当事人及其法定代理人也有权要求他们回避:

    (一)是本案的当事人或者与当事人有直系血亲、三代以内旁系血亲及姻亲关系的;

    (二)本人或者其近亲属与本案有利害关系的;

    (三)担任过本案的证人、鉴定人、勘验人、辩护人、诉讼代理人的;

    (四)与本案的诉讼代理人、辩护人有夫妻、父母、子女或者同胞兄弟姐妹关系的;

    (五)本人与本案当事人之间存在其他利害关系,可能影响案件公正处理的。

   Article 2   Where judicial officers are in any of the following circumstances, any of the parties concerned or any of their statutory agents shall have the right to apply orally or in writing for their withdrawal, provided that the party and the statutory agent shall provide relevant evidential materials:

(1) The judicial officers meet one of the parties to the case or any of their agents or defenders privately without approval;

(2) The judicial officers recommend or introduce agents or defenders to any of the parties to the case, or introduce lawyers or other personnel to handle the case;

(3) The judicial officers accept property or other benefits from the parties to the case or from their entrusted persons, or require the parties or their entrusted persons for reimbursement of expenses;

(4) The judicial officers accept treats from the parties to the case or the entrusted persons, or participate in various activities with their expenses paid by the parties to the case or the entrusted persons; or

(5) The judicial officers borrow money, vehicles, communications tools, or other articles from the parties to the case or their entrusted persons, or accept benefits offered by the parties to the case or their entrusted persons in terms of purchasing commodities, home improvement, or any other benefits. 

     第二条 审判人员具有下列情形之一的,当事人及其法定代理人有权要求回避,但应当提供相关证据材料:

    (一)未经批准,私下会见本案一方当事人及其代理人、辩护人的;

    (二)为本案当事人推荐、介绍代理人、辩护人,或者为律师、其他人员介绍办理该案件的;

    (三)接受本案当事人及其委托的人的财物、其他利益,或者要求当事人及其委托的人报销费用的;

    (四)接受本案当事人及其委托的人的宴请,或者参加由其支付费用的各项活动的;

    (五)向本案当事人及其委托的人借款、借用交通工具、通讯工具或者其他物品,或者接受当事人及其委托的人在购买商品、装修住房以及其他方面给予的好处的。

   Article 3   Any judicial officer who has participated in the trial of a case in any trial and adjudication procedure shall not participate in the trial of the same case in any other procedures.

     第三条 凡在一个审判程序中参与过本案审判工作的审判人员,不得再参与该案其他程序的审判。

   Article 4   Where any of the judicial officers or other personnel of a people's court act as an agent ad litem within two years after leaving their post, the people's court shall not approve such acting; where, beyond two years after leaving their post, any of the judicial officers and other personnel of a people's court act as an agent ad litem in a case tried by the court where they formerly held post, and the other party concerned believes that it might affect the impartial trial of the case and raises an objection, the people's court shall uphold such objection and shall not approve such person to act as the agent ad litem except where such person is a close relative or guardian of the party that he or she represents.

     第四条 审判人员及法院其他工作人员离任二年内,担任诉讼代理人或者辩护人的,人民法院不予准许;审判人员及法院其他工作人员离任二年后,担任原任职法院审理案件的诉讼代理人或者辩护人,对方当事人认为可能影响公正审判而提出异议的,人民法院应当支持,不予准许本院离任人员担任诉讼代理人或者辩护人。但是作为当事人的近亲属或者监护人代理诉讼或者进行辩护的除外。

   Article 5   A people's court shall not approve any of the spouses, parents, or children of the court's judicial officers and other personnel to act as agent ad litem or defender in the cases tried by the court.

     第五条 审判人员及法院其他工作人员的配偶、子女或者父母,担任其所在法院审理案件的诉讼代理人或者辩护人的,人民法院不予准许。

   Article 6   Where a people's court of second instance finds, or believes, on the basis of report of the parties concerned or their agents ad litem, that the trial conducted by the people's court of first instance violates any of the provisions of Articles 1 to 3 of these Provisions, and the violation is verified, the people's court of second instance shall make a decision to cancel the original judgment and to remand the case to the people's court of original instance for a new trial.

     第六条 第二审人民法院发现或者根据当事人、诉讼代理人、辩护人的举报,认为第一审人民法院的审理有违反本规定第一条至第三条所列情形之一的,经核查属实,应当裁定撤销原判。发回原审人民法院重新审判。

   Article 7   Where any of the parties concerned or any of their agents ad litem believes that a judicial officer violates these Provisions, the party or the agent ad litem may report the violation to the discipline inspection department, supervision department or any other relevant department of the court. The department accepting the report shall handle the case in a timely manner, and give the reporter a feedback on the relevant opinions.

     第七条 当事人、诉讼代理人、辩护人认为审判人员有违反本规定行为的,可以向法院纪检、监察部门或者其他有关部门举报。受理举报的部门应当及时处理,并将有关意见反馈举报人。

   Article 8   Where a judicial officer is clearly aware of the existence of any of the circumstances set forth in Articles 1 to 3 in these Provisions, but intentionally fails to voluntarily withdraw from a case in accordance with the law or to make a withdrawal decision for an application for withdrawal that meets the requirements for withdrawal, the judicial officer shall be subject to penalties in accordance with the Disciplinary Measures for the Trial of People's Courts (Trial).

Where a judicial officer is clearly aware that the agent ad litem and defender has any of the circumstances set forth in Articles 4 and 5 in these Provisions, but intentionally fails to make the right decision, the judicial officer shall be subject to penalties in accordance with the Article 24 of the Disciplinary Measures for the Trial of People's Courts (Trial).

     第八条 审判人员明知具有本规定第一条至第三条规定情形之一,故意不依法自行回避或者对符合回避条件的申请故意不作出回避决定的,依照《人民法院审判纪律处分办法(试行)》的规定予以处分。

    审判人员明知诉讼代理人、辩护人具有本规定第四条、第五条规定情形之一,故意不作出正确决定的,参照《人民法院审判纪律处分办法(试行)》第二十四条的规定予以处分。

   Article 9   For the purposes of these Provisions, judicial officers shall mean presidents, vice presidents, members of judicial committees, chief judges, vice chief judges, judges, and assistant judges of people's courts at all levels.

Other personnel of a people's court shall mean the personnel that are within the administrative establishment of the court .

The withdrawal of people's assessors, court clerks, interpreters or translators, judicial expert witnesses, or inspectors shall be implemented with reference to the relevant provisions concerning withdrawal of judicial officers.

With regard to the withdrawal of persons in charge of the enforcement during the process of enforcement, the provisions on the withdrawal of judicial officers shall apply.

     第九条 本规定所称审判人员是指各级人民法院院长、副院长、审判委员会委员、庭长、副庭长、审判员、助理审判员。

    本规定所称法院其他工作人员是指法院中占行政编制的工作人员。

    人民陪审员、书记员、翻译人员、司法鉴定人员、勘验人员的回避问题,参照审判人员回避的有关内容执行。

    执行员在执行过程中的回避问题,参照审判人员回避的有关内容执行。