文件中常遇到“Conflict of laws”，该术语的具体含义如下，供参考：

1.法律冲突；法律抵触。指在一国起诉的案件，其当事人或其中一方，或当事人的权利、义务或诉讼标的物或多或少地属于或发生在另一国家，而两国处理该案件的法律规定不同，存在冲突或抵触。常简称conflict。

2.冲突法；国际私法。指调整法律冲突或决定在涉外民事关系中适用何国法律的一个部门法; 也指法律选择的原则。常简称conflicts,在国际上，也称private international law; international private law。

就冲突法而言，维基百科是这样解释的：“国际私法（Private international law）、又称冲突法（Conflict of laws），是指一个国家或法域处理和调整涉及外国公民和法人的民商事法律关系的规则的总称。这种关系一般是由于对外贸易以及本国人同外国人交往而产生的。”

Conflict of laws (sometimes called private international law) concerns the process for determining the applicable law to resolve disputes between individuals, corporations (and in some systems the state in certain contractual relationships) in multi-jurisdictional cases and transactions. Conflict of laws especially affects private international law, but may also affect cases where a contract makes incompatible reference to more than one legal framework. The term "conflict of laws" is primarily used in the United States and Canada, though it has also come into use in the United Kingdom. In most other countries, the term private international law is used. Conflict of laws usually refers to domestic laws that are not part of international law, and the calculus only includes international laws when the nation has treaty obligations. For countries that use the “private international law” terminology, it comes from the private law/public law dichotomy in civil law systems. In this form of legal system, the term “private international law” does not imply an agreed upon international legal corpus. 该术语的相关例句如下，供参考，以加深对该术语的理解：

例句1

Conflict of laws, also called private international law, the existence worldwide, and within individual countries, of different legal traditions, different specific rules of private law, and different systems of private law, all of which are administered by court systems similarly subject to different rules and traditions of procedure. The “law of the conflict of laws” pertains to the resolution of problems resulting from such diversity of courts and law.

冲突法，也称为国际私法，在世界范围内和各个国家内存在不同的法律传统、不同的具体私法规则和不同的私法制度，所有这些都由法院系统管理，同样受制于不同的程序规则和传统。“冲突法”涉及解决因法院和法律的多样性而产生的问题。

例句2

Conflicts law must address three principal questions. First, when a legal problem touches upon more than one country, it must be determined which court has jurisdiction to adjudicate the matter. Second, once a court has taken jurisdiction, it must decide what law it should apply to the question before it. The rules governing the court may direct it to apply its own law or call for the application of the law of another country. Third, assuming that the court ultimately renders a judgment in favour of the plaintiff, conflicts law must address the enforcement of the judgment. In the event that the defendant has insufficient assets locally, recognition and enforcement of the judgment must be sought in a country where assets do exist.

冲突法必须解决三个主要问题。首先，当法律问题涉及一个以上的国家时，必须确定哪个法院有权对此事进行裁决。其次，一旦法院拥有管辖权，就必须决定对其面前的问题适用何种法律。管辖法院的规则可以指示其适用本国法律，或者要求适用另一国法律。第三，假设法院最终做出了有利于原告的判决，冲突法必须解决判决的执行问题。如果被告在当地的资产不足，则必须在资产确实存在的国家寻求对判决的承认和执行。

相关拓展知识：

世界上的不同国家和地区有着不同的法律制度，它们各自以不同的法律规则处理同样的社会现象（出生、结婚、死亡、离婚、破产、契约、遗嘱等等）。凡某一案件具有涉外因素时，国际私法规则即体现其用处，以保证最恰当适用于该案的内国法制度的有关规则不致于同法院地的规则发生矛盾，以及帮助法院能够找到最适合该案的准据法。

按照传统观点，国际私法的内容，主要是由外国人在内国的民商事法律地位、准据法选择的规则和对外国法院判决和仲裁裁决得承认与执行等三个部分组成。

其目标有三：

描述法院根据何种条件才有权受理涉外案件。

明确每类案件之当事人的权利义务必须根据哪一套内国法来判定。

具体规定在什么场合下外国判决能否被承认与以及如何执行的问题。