Notice of the Ministry of Finance on Printing and Circulating the Interpretation of the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises No. 3

财政部关于印发《企业会计准则解释第3号》的通知

 

Promulgating Institution: Ministry of Finance

Document Number: Cai Kuai [2009] No. 8

Promulgating Date: 06/11/2009

Effective Date: 06/11/2009

颁布机关: 财政部

文   号: 财会[2009]8号

颁布时间: 06/11/2009

实施时间: 06/11/2009

 

To ministries, commissions and departments directly under the State Council, departments (bureaus) of finance of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under Central Government and cities separately designated under the State plan, the Bureau of Finance of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, and relevant enterprises under the administration of the CCCPC, 

In order to thoroughly implement the accounting standards for business enterprises and resolve problems arising out of the implementation thereof, while taking into account the continuing convergence and equivalence of accounting standards, the Interpretation of the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises No. 3 has been formulated by the Ministry of Finance and is hereby printed and circulated. The provisions therein shall come into force as of January 1, 2009 expect for those otherwise specifically stipulated for retroactive adjustment.  

Appendix: Interpretation of the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises No. 3

June 11, 2009

  国务院有关部委、有关直属机构，各省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市财政厅（局），新疆生产建设兵团财务局，有关中央管理企业：

  为了深入贯彻企业会计准则，解决执行中出现的问题，同时考虑会计准则持续趋同和等效情况，我部制定了《企业会计准则解释第3号》，现予印发。本解释中除特别注明应予追溯调整的以外，其他问题自2009年1月1日起施行。

  附件：企业会计准则解释第3号

二00九年六月十一日

Interpretation of the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises No. 3

企业会计准则解释第3号

1. As regards long-term equity investments measured by means of cost accounting, what is the standard accounting practice for cash dividends or profits declared by invested entities to be distributed to investing enterprises?

Answer: Where a long-term equity investment is measured by means of cost accounting, except for cash dividends or profits included in the price or consideration actually paid when the investment is made which have been declared but remain to be distributed, the investing enterprise shall recognize the cash dividends or profits already declared to be distributed by the invested entity as investment income. No further division shall be made as to whether the net profits are realized by the invested entity pre or post the investment. 

The enterprise shall consider whether depreciation has occurred to a long-term equity investment after the said enterprise has recognized cash dividends or profits receivable from the invested entity based on the aforementioned provisions. To determine whether there are signs of depreciation occurring to such a long-term equity investment, the enterprise shall pay attention to whether the book value of the long-term equity investment is higher than the share of the book value of the net assets (including relevant business goodwill) held in the invested entity as well as other similar situations. Under similar circumstances, the enterprise shall carry out a depreciation test for the long-term equity investment in accordance with the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises No. 8–Asset Depreciation. Where the recoverable amount is lower than the book value of the long-term equity investment, depreciation reserves shall be calculated and withdrawn.

   一、采用成本法核算的长期股权投资，投资企业取得被投资单位宣告发放的现金股利或利润，应当如何进行会计处理？

  答:采用成本法核算的长期股权投资,除取得投资时实际支付的价款或对价中包含的已宣告但尚未发放的现金股利或利润外,投资企业应当按照享有被投资单位宣告发放的现金股利或利润确认投资收益,不再划分是否属于投资前和投资后被投资单位实现的净利润。

  企业按照上述规定确认自被投资单位应分得的现金股利或利润后,应当考虑长期股权投资是否发生减值。在判断该类长期股权投资是否存在减值迹象时,应当关注长期股权投资的账面价值是否大于享有被投资单位净资产(包括相关商誉)账面价值的份额等类似情况。出现类似情况时,企业应当按照《企业会计准则第8号——资产减值》对长期股权投资进行减值测试,可收回金额低于长期股权投资账面价值的,应当计提减值准备。

2. Where enterprises hold restricted stocks in listed companies but have no control, joint control or a significant influence on the listed companies, how shall such enterprises be treated in accounting terms?

Answer: where an enterprise holds restricted stocks (excluding restricted stocks held during the non-tradable share reform) in a listed company but has no control, joint control or a significant influence on the listed company, such restricted stocks shall be categorized as financial assets available for sale or financial assets measured at fair value whose fluctuations shall be recorded as current profits and losses in accordance with the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises No. 22–Recognition and Measurement of Financial Instruments. 

The enterprise shall measure the fair value of the restricted stocks in the listed company in accordance with the provisions on fair value measurement set out in the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises No. 22–Recognition and Measurement of Financial Instruments, and may not alter the principle and method of fair value measurement set forth in the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises. 

Enterprises that fail to measure the fair value of restricted stocks in accordance with the preceding provisions prior to the promulgation of this Interpretation shall act in accordance with the Accounting Standards for Enterprises No. 28–Changes of Accounting Policies, Changes of Accounting Estimates and Error Correction.  

    二、企业持有上市公司限售股权,对上市公司不具有控制、共同控制或重大影响的,应当如何进行会计处理?

  答:企业持有上市公司限售股权(不包括股权分置改革中持有的限售股权),对上市公司不具有控制、共同控制或重大影响的,应当按照《企业会计准则第22号——金融工具确认和计量》的规定,将该限售股权划分为可供出售金融资产或以公允价值计量且其变动计入当期损益的金融资产。

  企业在确定上市公司限售股权公允价值时,应当按照《企业会计准则第22号——金融工具确认和计量》有关公允价值确定的规定执行,不得改变企业会计准则规定的公允价值确定原则和方法。

  本解释发布前未按上述规定确定所持有限售股权公允价值的,应当按照《企业会计准则第28号——会计政策、会计估计变更和差错更正》进行处理。

3. What is the standard accounting practice for safe production expenses withdrawn by an enterprise engaging in a high-risk industry?

Answer: Safe production expenses withdrawn by an enterprise engaging in a high-risk industry as required by the State shall be recorded as the costs of relevant products or the current profits and losses, and be recorded under the item "4301 Special Reserves" at the same time. 

Safe production expenses withdrawn by an enterprise that are categorized as business operation expenditures shall directly offset against the special reserves. Where the safe production expenses withdrawn by an enterprise form fixed assets, the said expenses incurred shall be summarized and recorded under the item "Project under Construction" and be recognized as fixed assets when the safety project is completed and ready for use; meanwhile, the enterprise shall offset the costs incurred in the formation of the fixed assets against the special reserves, and recognize accumulative depreciation with the same amount. Depreciation of such fixed assets shall not be calculated and withdrawn in the future.  

The ending balance of the item "Special Reserves" shall be recorded and reflected under the item "Special Reserves" added between "Less: Treasury Stocks" and "Surplus Reserves" under the heading of "owners equity" on the balance sheet.

Maintenance costs and other expenses of similar nature withdrawn by an enterprise shall be treated in light of the provisions specified above.

Enterprises that fail to adopt the aforementioned standard accounting practice prior to the promulgation of this Interpretation shall conduct retroactive adjustment.

    三、高危行业企业提取的安全生产费,应当如何进行会计处理?

  答:高危行业企业按照国家规定提取的安全生产费,应当计入相关产品的成本或当期损益,同时记入“4301专项储备”科目。

  企业使用提取的安全生产费时,属于费用性支出的,直接冲减专项储备。企业使用提取的安全生产费形成固定资产的,应当通过“在建工程”科目归集所发生的支出,待安全项目完工达到预定可使用状态时确认为固定资产;同时,按照形成固定资产的成本冲减专项储备,并确认相同金额的累计折旧。该固定资产在以后期间不再计提折旧。

  “专项储备”科目期末余额在资产负债表所有者权益项下“减:库存股”和“盈余公积”之间增设“专项储备”项目反映。

  企业提取的维简费和其他具有类似性质的费用,比照上述规定处理。

  本解释发布前未按上述规定处理的,应当进行追溯调整。

4. What is the standard accounting practice for the relocation compensations received by an enterprise from the government?

Answer: Compensations directly paid by the government out of the fiscal budget to an enterprise relocated for public interest, e.g. overall urban planning, reservoir construction, reconstruction of slum areas and subsidence treatment, shall be treated as special payables. Of them, compensations paid to the enterprise for losses of fixed assets and intangible assets, relevant business operation expenditures, losses arising out of suspension of work during relocation as well as for new assets proposed to be constructed shall be transferred from special payables to deferred income and be subject to accounting treatment as stipulated in the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises No. 16–Government Grants. Surplus funds (if any) in relocation compensations after the deduction of the amount transferred into the deferred income shall be recognized as capital surplus. 

In the event that an enterprise receives any relocation compensations other than those specified above, such compensations shall be treated in accordance with the accounting standards set out in the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises No. 4–Fixed Assets and the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises No. 16–Government Grants.

    四、企业收到政府给予的搬迁补偿款应当如何进行会计处理?

  答:企业因城镇整体规划、库区建设、棚户区改造、沉陷区治理等公共利益进行搬迁,收到政府从财政预算直接拨付的搬迁补偿款,应作为专项应付款处理。其中,属于对企业在搬迁和重建过程中发生的固定资产和无形资产损失、有关费用性支出、停工损失及搬迁后拟新建资产进行补偿的,应自专项应付款转入递延收益,并按照《企业会计准则第16号——政府补助》进行会计处理。企业取得的搬迁补偿款扣除转入递延收益的金额后如有结余的,应当作为资本公积处理。

  企业收到除上述之外的搬迁补偿款,应当按照《企业会计准则第4号——固定资产》、《企业会计准则第16号——政府补助》等会计准则进行处理。

5. How to correctly employ vesting conditions and non-vesting conditions in the recognition and measurement of share-based payments?

Answer: Where an enterprise adopts stock incentive in accordance with relevant provisions of the State, relevant conditions set forth in the share-based payment agreement may not be altered without authorization. Vesting conditions shall refer to the conditions that enable the determination of whether an enterprise receives the services provided by an employee or other parties and whether such services entitle the employee or other parties to cash or equity instruments set out in the share-based payment agreement; conditions that fail to enable the aforesaid determination shall be classified as non-vesting conditions. Vesting conditions shall include either conditions on service term or performance conditions. Conditions on service term shall refer to conditions under which vesting is on the basis that the employee or other parties have completed the specified service term. Performance conditions shall refer to conditions under which vesting is on the basis that the employee or other parties have completed the specified service term and that the specified performance target of the enterprise has been met. Performance conditions shall include market conditions and non-market conditions. 

While determining the fair value of the equity instruments on the grant-date, the enterprise shall take into account the market conditions of the vesting conditions and the non-vesting conditions set forth in the share-based payment agreement. Where a share-based payment consists of non-vesting conditions, the enterprise shall recognize the costs corresponding to the services obtained, as long as the employee or other parties have satisfied all non-market conditions of the vesting conditions (e.g. the service term).

If an equity instrument granted is cancelled during the vesting period, the enterprise shall carry out accelerated vesting treatment regarding the cancelled equity instrument, immediately recognize the amount which would otherwise be recognized over the remainder of the vesting period as current profits and income, and recognize capital surplus at the same time. If the employee or other parties can satisfy the non-vesting conditions but fail to do so within the vesting period, the enterprise shall recognize the failure as cancellation of the equity instrument granted. 

    五、在股份支付的确认和计量中,应当如何正确运用可行权条件和非可行权条件?

  答:企业根据国家有关规定实行股权激励的,股份支付协议中确定的相关条件,不得随意变更。其中,可行权条件是指能够确定企业是否得到职工或其他方提供的服务、且该服务使职工或其他方具有获取股份支付协议规定的权益工具或现金等权利的条件;反之,为非可行权条件。可行权条件包括服务期限条件或业绩条件。服务期限条件是指职工或其他方完成规定服务期限才可行权的条件。业绩条件是指职工或其他方完成规定服务期限且企业已经达到特定业绩目标才可行权的条件,具体包括市场条件和非市场条件。

  企业在确定权益工具授予日的公允价值时,应当考虑股份支付协议规定的可行权条件中的市场条件和非可行权条件的影响。股份支付存在非可行权条件的,只要职工或其他方满足了所有可行权条件中的非市场条件(如服务期限等),企业应当确认已得到服务相对应的成本费用。

  在等待期内如果取消了授予的权益工具,企业应当对取消所授予的权益性工具作为加速行权处理,将剩余等待期内应确认的金额立即计入当期损益,同时确认资本公积。职工或其他方能够选择满足非可行权条件但在等待期内未满足的,企业应当将其作为授予权益工具的取消处理。

6. What are the accounting standards an enterprise shall follow to recognize revenue related to the real estate construction agreement, if the enterprise constructs real estate on its own or through a subcontractor?

Answer: An enterprise which constructs real estate on its own or through a subcontractor shall determine the applicable accounting standards for recognition of the revenue in accordance with the terms and conditions of the real estate construction agreement as well as actual circumstances. 

Where the buyer of the real estate is able to specify the major structural elements of the design of the real estate prior to the commencement of construction and/or decide major structural changes in the construction progress, the real estate construction agreement shall be a construction contract and the enterprise shall recognize the revenue in accordance with the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises No. 15 – Construction Contracts.  

Where the buyer of the real estate has limited influence on the design of the real estate (for example, where the buyer can only make unsubstantial changes to the basic design scheme), the enterprise shall recognize the revenue in accordance with the principles concerning the revenue from sales of goods in the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises No. 14–Revenue.

    六、企业自行建造或通过分包商建造房地产,应当遵循哪项会计准则确认与房地产建造协议相关的收入?

  答:企业自行建造或通过分包商建造房地产,应当根据房地产建造协议条款和实际情况,判断确认收入应适用的会计准则。

  房地产购买方在建造工程开始前能够规定房地产设计的主要结构要素,或者能够在建造过程中决定主要结构变动的,房地产建造协议符合建造合同定义,企业应当遵循《企业会计准则第15号——建造合同》确认收入。

  房地产购买方影响房地产设计的能力有限(如仅能对基本设计方案做微小变动)的,企业应当遵循《企业会计准则第14号——收入》中有关商品销售收入的原则确认收入。

7. What adjustments shall be made to the profit statement?

Answer: (1) Enterprises shall add "Other Consolidated Income" and "Total Consolidated Income" under "Earnings Per Share" on the profit statement. "Other Consolidated Income" shall reflect the net amount of gains and losses which are not recognized as profits or losses after income taxes are deducted by the enterprise in accordance with the Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises. "Total Consolidated Income" shall reflect the aggregate amount of net profits and other consolidated income of enterprises. "Other Consolidated Income" and "Total Consolidated Income" shall follow the serial order of the original accounts. 

(2) Enterprises shall disclose in the notes detailed information of each item of other consolidated income and the influence of income taxes thereon as well as amounts originally recognized as other consolidated income but transferred to current profits and losses.

(3) Enterprises shall adjust the consolidated income statement as set forth above, and shall separately list "Total Consolidated Income Attributable to the Parent Company" and "Total Consolidated Income Attributable to the Minority Shareholders" under "Total Consolidated Income".

(4) Where an enterprise provides comparative information for the preceding fiscal year, the comparative income statement shall be subject to Article 8 of the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises No. 30–Presentation of Financial Statements.

    七、利润表应当作哪些调整?

  答:(一)企业应当在利润表“每股收益”项下增列“其他综合收益”项目和“综合收益总额”项目。“其他综合收益”项目,反映企业根据企业会计准则规定未在损益中确认的各项利得和损失扣除所得税影响后的净额。“综合收益总额”项目,反映企业净利润与其他综合收益的合计金额。“其他综合收益”和“综合收益总额”项目的序号在原有基础上顺延。

  (二)企业应当在附注中详细披露其他综合收益各项目及其所得税影响,以及原计入其他综合收益、当期转入损益的金额等信息。

  (三)企业合并利润表也应按照上述规定进行调整。在“综合收益总额”项目下单独列示“归属于母公司所有者的综合收益总额”项目和“归属于少数股东的综合收益总额”项目。

  (四)企业提供前期比较信息时,比较利润表应当按照《企业会计准则第30号——财务报表列报》第八条的规定处理。

8. How does an enterprise improve segment information reporting?

Answer: Enterprises shall determine business segments in light of its internal organizational structure, management requirements and the internal reporting system, identify reportable segments based on business segments, and disclose segment information as below. The original provisions under which geographic segments and business segments are identified and segment information is disclosed in the form of primary segment reporting and secondary segment reporting shall cease to be effective. 

(1) A business segment shall refer to a segment within an enterprise that satisfies all of the following conditions: 

(a) the segment can generate income and will incur expenses in daily activities;

(b) the management of the enterprise can regularly assess the operating achievements of the segment so as to determine the allocation of resources thereto and assess the performance thereof;

(c) the enterprise has access to relevant accounting information of the segment, including the financial status, operating achievements and cash flow, etc.

Two or more business segments of an enterprise with similar economic characteristics, if both of them are in compliance with Article 5 of the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises No. 35–Segment Reporting, may be consolidated into one business segment. 

(2) An enterprise shall satisfy any of the three conditions under Article 8 of the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises No. 35–Segment Reporting when identifying reportable segments based on the business segments. Where the conditions fail to be satisfied but the enterprise holds that disclosure of the information of such a business segment is helpful to the users of the financial report, the said segment may be identified as a reportable segment.  

In general, there shall not be more than ten reportable segments in an enterprise. Where there are more than ten reportable segments and consolidation is therefore required, relevant reportable segments shall be consolidated under the consolidation conditions for business segments. 

(3) The following information shall be disclosed upon identification of reportable segments:

(a) elements/factors considered in the course of identifying reportable segments, and types of products and services of the reportable segments;

b. relevant information of the total profits (losses) of each reportable segment, including the composition of the total profits (losses) and relevant accounting policies on measurement;

(c) relevant information of the total assets and total liabilities of each segment, including the composition of the total assets and relevant accounting policies on measurement of assets and liabilities.

(4) Apart from the above information disclosed as part of the reportable segment information, enterprises shall also disclose the following information:

(a) revenue from external transaction of each product and service or each combination of similar products and services;

(b) total revenue from external transaction within China and total non-current assets located within China (exclusive of financial assets, capital in independent accounts and deferred income tax assets; hereafter the same), total revenue from external transactions in foreign countries and total non-current assets located in foreign countries.

(c) the enterprise's dependency on major clients.

    八、企业应当如何改进报告分部信息?

  答:企业应当以内部组织结构、管理要求、内部报告制度为依据确定经营分部，以经营分部为基础确定报告分部，并按下列规定披露分部信息。原有关确定地区分部和业务分部以及按照主要报告形式、次要报告形式披露分部信息的规定不再执行。

  （一）经营分部，是指企业内同时满足下列条件的组成部分:

  1、该组成部分能够在日常活动中产生收入、发生费用;

  2、企业管理层能够定期评价该组成部分的经营成果，以决定向其配置资源、评价其业绩;

  3、企业能够取得该组成部分的财务状况、经营成果和现金流量等有关会计信息。

  企业存在相似经济特征的两个或多个经营分部，同时满足《企业会计准则第35号——分部报告》第五条相关规定的，可以合并为一个经营分部。

  （二）企业以经营分部为基础确定报告分部时，应当满足《企业会计准则第35号——分部报告》第八条规定的三个条件之一。未满足规定条件，但企业认为披露该经营分部信息对财务报告使用者有用的，也可将其确定为报告分部。

  报告分部的数量通常不应超过10个。报告分部的数量超过10个需要合并的，应当以经营分部的合并条件为基础，对相关的报告分部予以合并。

  （三）企业报告分部确定后，应当披露下列信息:

  1、确定报告分部考虑的因素、报告分部的产品和劳务的类型;

  2、每一报告分部的利润（亏损）总额相关信息，包括利润（亏损）总额组成项目及计量的相关会计政策信息;

  3、每一报告分部的资产总额、负债总额相关信息，包括资产总额组成项目的信息，以及有关资产、负债计量的相关会计政策。

  （四）除上述已经作为报告分部信息组成部分披露的外，企业还应当披露下列信息:

  1、每一产品和劳务或每一类似产品和劳务组合的对外交易收入;

  2、企业取得的来自于本国的对外交易收入总额以及位于本国的非流动资产（不包括金融资产、独立账户资产、递延所得税资产，下同）总额，企业从其他国家取得的对外交易收入总额以及位于其他国家的非流动资产总额;

  3、企业对主要客户的依赖程度。