Enterprise Accounting Standards No. 2 - Long-Term Equity Investment

企业会计准则第2号－长期股权投资

 

Promulgating Institution: Ministry of Finance

Document Number: Cai Kuai [2006] No. 3

Promulgating Date: 02/15/2006

Effective Date: 01/01/2007

颁布机关: 财政部

文   号: 财会[2006]3号

颁布时间: 02/15/2006

实施时间: 01/01/2007

 

Chapter 1: General Provisions

第一章 总则

 Article 1  To regulate the confirmation and measurement of the long-term equity investment, and the disclosure of relevant information, these Standards are enacted in accordance with the Enterprise Accounting Standards - Basic Standards.

    第一条 为了规范长期股权投资的确认、计量和相关信息的披露，根据《企业会计准则——基本准则》，制定本准则。

 Article 2  With regard to the following items, other relevant accounting standards shall be applicable:

(1) With regard to the translation of the long-term equity investment in a foreign currency, the Enterprise Accounting Standards No. 19 - Foreign Currency Translation shall be applicable; and

(2) With regard to the long-term equity investment not covered in these Standards, the Enterprise Accounting Standards No. 22 - Recognition and Measurement of Financial Instrument shall be applicable.

    第二条 下列各项适用其他相关会计准则:

  （一）外币长期股权投资的折算，适用《企业会计准则第19号——外币折算》。

  （二）本准则未予规范的长期股权投资，适用《企业会计准则第22号——金融工具确认和计量》。

Chapter 2: Initial Measurement

第二章 初始计量

 Article 3  The initial investment cost of the long-term equity investment resulting from enterprise merger shall be determined in accordance with the following provisions:

(1) For the merger of enterprises under the same control, if the merging enterprise's consideration for the merge is to make payment in cash, transfer non-cash assets, or bear the debts of the merged enterprise, the merging enterprise shall, on the day of merger, regard the share of the carrying value of the owners' equity of the merged enterprise it has obtained as the initial investment cost of the long-term equity investment.

The difference between the initial investment cost of the long-term equity investment on the one hand and the payment in cash, non-cash assets transferred and the carrying value of the debts borne by the merging party on the other hand shall be offset against the capital reserve. If the capital reserve is insufficient for the offset, the retained earnings shall be adjusted.

If the merging enterprise takes the issuance of equity securities as a consideration for the merger, it shall, on the day of merger, regard the share of the carrying value of the owners' equity of the merged enterprise it has obtained as the initial investment cost of the long-term equity investment. The total par value of the shares issued shall be regarded as the share capital. The difference between the initial investment cost of the long-term equity investment and the total par value of the shares issued shall be offset against the capital reserve. If the capital reserve is insufficient for the offset, the retained earnings shall be adjusted.

(2) For the merger of enterprises not under the same control, the merging party shall, on the day of merger, regard the merger cost determined in accordance with the Enterprise Accounting Standards No. 20 -Enterprise Merger as the initial investment cost of the long-term equity investment.

    第三条 企业合并形成的长期股权投资，应当按照下列规定确定其初始投资成本:

  （一）同一控制下的企业合并，合并方以支付现金、转让非现金资产或承担债务方式作为合并对价的，应当在合并日按照取得被合并方所有者权益账面价值的份额作为长期股权投资的初始投资成本。长期股权投资初始投资成本与支付的现金、转让的非现金资产以及所承担债务账面价值之间的差额，应当调整资本公积;资本公积不足冲减的，调整留存收益。

  合并方以发行权益性证券作为合并对价的，应当在合并日按照取得被合并方所有者权益账面价值的份额作为长期股权投资的初始投资成本。按照发行股份的面值总额作为股本，长期股权投资初始投资成本与所发行股份面值总额之间的差额，应当调整资本公积;资本公积不足冲减的，调整留存收益。

  （二）非同一控制下的企业合并，购买方在购买日应当按照《企业会计准则第20号——企业合并》确定的合并成本作为长期股权投资的初始投资成本。

 Article 4  Except for the long-term equity investment formed by enterprise merger, the initial investment cost of a long-term equity investment acquired by other means shall be determined in accordance with the following provisions:

(1) For a long-term equity investment acquired by cash payment, the initial investment cost shall be the purchase price actually paid. The initial investment cost of the investment shall include the expenses, taxes, and other necessary expenses directly relating to the obtaining of the long-term equity investment. 

(2) For a long-term equity investment obtained by issuance of equity securities, the initial investment cost shall be the fair value of the equity securities issued.

(3) For a long-term equity investment made by an investor, the initial investment cost shall be the value agreed upon in the investment contract or agreement, except that the value agreed upon in those investment contracts or agreements is not fair. 

(4) For a long-term equity investment obtained through the exchange of non-currency assets, the initial investment cost shall be determined in accordance with the Enterprise Accounting Standards No. 7 - Exchange of Non-Currency Assets.

(5) For a long-term equity investment obtained by debt restructuring, the initial investment cost shall be determined in accordance with the Enterprise Accounting Standards No. 12 - Debt Restructuring.

    第四条 除企业合并形成的长期股权投资以外，其他方式取得的长期股权投资，应当按照下列规定确定其初始投资成本:

  （一）以支付现金取得的长期股权投资，应当按照实际支付的购买价款作为初始投资成本。初始投资成本包括与取得长期股权投资直接相关的费用、税金及其他必要支出。

  （二）以发行权益性证券取得的长期股权投资，应当按照发行权益性证券的公允价值作为初始投资成本。

  （三）投资者投入的长期股权投资，应当按照投资合同或协议约定的价值作为初始投资成本，但合同或协议约定价值不公允的除外。

  （四）通过非货币性资产交换取得的长期股权投资，其初始投资成本应当按照《企业会计准则第7号——非货币性资产交换》确定。

  （五）通过债务重组取得的长期股权投资，其初始投资成本应当3按照《企业会计准则第12号——债务重组》确定。

Chapter 3: Subsequent Measurement

第三章 后续计量

 Article 5  The following long-term equity investments shall be measured through the cost method in accordance with Article 7 of these Standards:

(1) A long-term equity investment whereby an investing enterprise is able to control the investee enterprise.

The term "control" shall refer to the right to decide on the financial and business operating policies of an enterprise and obtain benefits from its business operation activities. If the investing enterprise can control an investee organization and the investee organization is its subsidiary company, the investing enterprise shall include this subsidiary company in its consolidation scope for its consolidated financial statements.

Where an investing enterprise makes a long-term equity investment in its subsidiary company, the investing enterprise shall adopt the cost method as prescribed by these Standards for the calculation, and shall make adjustment in accordance with the equity method when preparing consolidated financial statements.

(2) A long-term equity investment, in which the investing enterprise exercises no joint control over or imposes no significant influences on the investee organization, for which there is no offer in the active market, and of which the fair value cannot be reliably measured.

The term "joint control" shall refer to the sharing of control over an economic activity as agreed upon in the contract, which exists only when the investing parties of the economic activity reach a consensus on sharing the control power over the relevant important financial and business operating decisions. Where an investing enterprise and other parties exercise joint control over an investee organization, the investee organization shall be their joint enterprise.

The term "significant influences" shall mean the right to participate in making decisions on the financial and business operating policies of an enterprise, but not to control or exercise joint control together with other parties over the formulation of these policies. Where an investing enterprise is able to impose significant influences on an investee organization, the investee organization shall be its associated enterprise.

    第五条 下列长期股权投资应当按照本准则第七条规定，采用成本法核算:

  （一）投资企业能够对被投资单位实施控制的长期股权投资。

  控制，是指有权决定一个企业的财务和经营政策，并能据以从该企业的经营活动中获取利益。投资企业能够对被投资单位实施控制的，被投资单位为其子公司，投资企业应当将子公司纳入合并财务报表的合并范围。

  投资企业对子公司的长期股权投资，应当采用本准则规定的成本法核算，编制合并财务报表时按照权益法进行调整。

  （二）投资企业对被投资单位不具有共同控制或重大影响，并且在活跃市场中没有报价、公允价值不能可靠计量的长期股权投资。

  共同控制，是指按照合同约定对某项经济活动所共有的控制，仅在与该项经济活动相关的重要财务和经营决策需要分享控制权的投资方一致同意时存在。投资企业与其他方对被投资单位实施共同控制的，被投资单位为其合营企业。

  重大影响，是指对一个企业的财务和经营政策有参与决策的权力，但并不能够控制或者与其他方一起共同控制这些政策的制定。投资企业能够对被投资单位施加重大影响的，被投资单位为其联营企业。

 Article 6  When determining whether it is able to exercise control over or impose significant influences on an investee organization, one shall take into consideration such factors relating to the voting rights as the investee organization' current convertible corporate bonds and current executable warrants held by the investing enterprise and other parties.

    第六条 在确定能否对被投资单位实施控制或施加重大影响时,应当考虑投资企业和其他方持有的被投资单位当期可转换公司债券、当期可执行认股权证等潜在表决权因素。

 Article 7  A long-term equity investment measured through the cost method shall be priced at its initial investment cost. If there are additional investments or recovery of investments, the cost of the long-term equity investment shall be adjusted. The cash dividends or profits that the investee organization declares to be distributed shall be recognized as the investment income of the current period. The investment income recognized by the investing enterprise shall be limited to the amount distributed from the accumulative net profits arising after the investee organization's acceptance of the investment. The amount of profits or cash dividends in excess of the aforesaid amount shall be deemed as a recovery of the initial investment cost.

    第七条 采用成本法核算的长期股权投资应当按照初始投资成本计价。追加或收回投资应当调整长期股权投资的成本。被投资单位宣告分派的现金股利或利润，确认为当期投资收益。投资企业确认投资收益，仅限于被投资单位接受投资后产生的累积净利润的分配额，所获得的利润或现金股利超过上述数额的部分作为初始投资成本的收回。

 Article 8  A long-term equity investment whereby the investing enterprise exercises joint control over or imposes significant influences upon the investee organization shall be measured by adopting the equity method in accordance with Articles 9 to 13 of these Standards.

    第八条 投资企业对被投资单位具有共同控制或重大影响的长期股权投资，应当按照本准则第九条至第十三条规定，采用权益法核算。

 Article 9  If the initial investment cost of a long-term equity investment is more than the investing enterprise's due share of the fair value of the investee organization's identifiable net assets at the time of investment, no adjustment shall be made to the initial investment cost of the long-term equity investment. If the initial investment cost of a long-term equity investment is less than the investing enterprise's due share of the fair value of the investee organization's identifiable net assets at the time of investment, the difference shall be incorporated in the profits and losses of the then-current period and the cost of the long-term equity investment shall be adjusted simultaneously.

The fair value of the identifiable net assets of the investee organization shall be determined by referring to the relevant provisions of the Enterprise Accounting Standards No. 20 -Enterprise Merger.

    第九条 长期股权投资的初始投资成本大于投资时应享有被投资单位可辨认净资产公允价值份额的，不调整长期股权投资的初始投资成本;长期股权投资的初始投资成本小于投资时应享有被投资单位可辨认净资产公允价值份额的，其差额应当计入当期损益，同时调整长期股权投资的成本。

  被投资单位可辨认净资产的公允价值，应当比照《企业会计准则第20号——企业合并》的有关规定确定。

 Article 10  After an investing enterprise obtains a long-term equity investment, it shall, in accordance with the due share of the net profits or losses of the investee organization, confirm the investment proceeds or losses and adjust the carrying value of the long-term equity investment. The investing enterprise shall, on the basis of profits or cash dividends that the investee organization declares to be distributed, calculate the proportion it should obtain, and shall decrease the carrying value of the long-term equity investment accordingly.

    第十条 投资企业取得长期股权投资后，应当按照应享有或应分担的被投资单位实现的净损益的份额，确认投资损益并调整长期股权5投资的账面价值。投资企业按照被投资单位宣告分派的利润或现金股利计算应分得的部分，相应减少长期股权投资的账面价值。

 Article 11  An investing enterprise shall recognize the net losses incurred to the investee organization until the carrying value of the long-term equity investment and other long-term rights and interests which substantially form the net investment made to the investee organization are reduced to zero, unless the investing enterprise is obligated to bear extra losses.

If the investee organization realizes any net profits afterwards, the investing enterprise shall, after the amount of its due share of profits, offset against its due share of the unrecognized losses, resume the recognition of its due share of profits.

    第十一条 投资企业确认被投资单位发生的净亏损,应当以长期股权投资的账面价值以及其他实质上构成对被投资单位净投资的长期权益减记至零为限,投资企业负有承担额外损失义务的除外。

  被投资单位以后实现净利润的,投资企业在其收益分享额弥补未确认的亏损分担额后,恢复确认收益分享额。

 Article 12  The investing enterprise shall, on the basis of the fair value of all the identifiable assets of the investee organization at the time of obtaining the investment, recognize its due share of the net profits and losses of the investee organization after making an adjustment to the net profits of the investee organization.

Where the accounting policies and accounting periods adopted by the investee organization are different from those adopted by the investing enterprise, an adjustment shall be made to the financial statements of the investee organization in accordance with the accounting policies and accounting periods of the investing enterprise so as to recognize the investment incomes or losses.

    第十二条 投资企业在确认应享有被投资单位净损益的份额时,应当以取得投资时被投资单位各项可辨认资产等的公允价值为基础,对被投资单位的净利润进行调整后确认。

  被投资单位采用的会计政策及会计期间与投资企业不一致的,应当按照投资企业的会计政策及会计期间对被投资单位的财务报表进行调整,并据以确认投资损益。

 Article 13  Where a change is made to the owner's equity other than the net profits and losses of the investee organization, the carrying value of the long-term equity investment shall be adjusted and shall be recorded in the owner's equity.

    第十三条 投资企业对于被投资单位除净损益以外所有者权益的其他变动，应当调整长期股权投资的账面价值并计入所有者权益。

 Article 14  For a long-term equity investment for which there is no offer in the active market and of which the fair value cannot be reliably measured, if the investing enterprise ceases to have joint control over or impose significant influences upon the investee organization due to decrease in investment or other reasons, the cost method shall be adopted for the measurement, and the carrying value of the long-term equity investment under the equity method shall be the initial investment cost to be measured through the cost method.

If, due to additional investment or other reasons, it is possible to exercise joint control over or impose significant influences upon an investee organization, but such reasons do not constitute control over that investee organization, the equity method shall be adopted for the measurement, and the carrying value of the long-term equity investment measured through the cost method or the carrying value of investment determined in accordance with the Enterprise Accounting Standards No. 22 - Recognition and Measurement of Financial Instruments shall be regarded as the initial investment cost measured through the cost method.

    第十四条 投资企业因减少投资等原因对被投资单位不再具有共同控制或重大影响的，并且在活跃市场中没有报价、公允价值不能可靠计量的长期股权投资，应当改按成本法核算，并以权益法下长期股权投资的账面价值作为按照成本法核算的初始投资成本。

  因追加投资等原因能够对被投资单位实施共同控制或重大影响但不构成控制的，应当改按权益法核算，并以成本法下长期股权投资的账面价值或按照《企业会计准则第22号——金融工具确认和计量》6确定的投资账面价值作为按照权益法核算的初始投资成本。

 Article 15  As for a long-term equity investment which is measured through the cost method as prescribed in these Standards, for which there is no offer in the active market and of which the fair value cannot be reliably measured, its impairment shall be handled pursuant to the Enterprise Accounting Standards No. 22 - Recognition and Measurement of Financial Instruments. The impairment of any other long-term equity investment measured under these Standards shall be handled in accordance with the Enterprise Accounting Standards No. 8 - Asset Depreciation.

    第十五条 按照本准则规定的成本法核算的、在活跃市场中没有报价、公允价值不能可靠计量的长期股权投资，其减值应当按照《企业会计准则第22号——金融工具确认和计量》处理;其他按照本准则核算的长期股权投资，其减值应当按照《企业会计准则第8号——资产减值》处理。

 Article 16  When a long-term equity investment is disposed of, the difference between its carrying value and the actual purchase price shall be recorded in the profits and losses of the current period. If any change other than the net profits and losses of the investee organization occurs and is included in the owner's equity, the portion previously recorded in the owner's equity shall, at the time of disposal of a long-term equity investment measured through the equity method, be transferred to the profits and losses of the current period at a corresponding proportion.

    第十六条 处置长期股权投资，其账面价值与实际取得价款的差额，应当计入当期损益。采用权益法核算的长期股权投资，因被投资单位除净损益以外所有者权益的其他变动而计入所有者权益的，处置该项投资时应当将原计入所有者权益的部分按相应比例转入当期损益。

Chapter 4: Disclosure

第四章 披露

 Article 17  An investing enterprise shall, in the explanatory notes, disclose the following information relating to the long-term equity investment:

(1) A list of its subsidiary companies, joint ventures and associated enterprises, including their names, registration places and business nature, as well as the proportion of shares and proportion of voting rights of the investing enterprise in the investee enterprise;

(2) The main financial information of the current period of the joint ventures and associated enterprises, including their aggregate amount of assets, liabilities, incomes, expenses, etc.;

(3) The information on the strict restriction on the investee organization's capacity to transfer funds to the investing enterprise;

(4) The current period and accumulative amount of unrecognized investment losses; and

(5) The contingent liabilities relating to the investments in the subsidiary companies, joint ventures, and associated enterprises.

    第十七条 投资企业应当在附注中披露与长期股权投资有关的下列信息:

  （一）子公司、合营企业和联营企业清单，包括企业名称、注册地、业务性质、投资企业的持股比例和表决权比例。

  （二）合营企业和联营企业当期的主要财务信息，包括资产、负债、收入、费用等合计金额。

  （三）被投资单位向投资企业转移资金的能力受到严格限制的情况。

  （四）当期及累计未确认的投资损失金额。

  （五）与对子公司、合营企业及联营企业投资相关的或有负债。