Guidelines for the Application of Internal Control in Enterprises No. 14 - Financial Reports

企业内部控制应用指引第14号——财务报告

 

Promulgating Institution: Ministry of Finance; China Securities Regulatory Commission; National Auditing Office; China Banking Regulatory Commission; China Insurance Regulatory Commission

Document Number: Cai Kuai [2010] No. 11

Promulgating Date: 04/15/2010

Effective Date: 04/15/2010

颁布机关: 财政部; 中国证券监督管理委员会; 审计署; 中国银行业监督管理委员会; 中国保险监督管理委员会

文   号: 财会[2010]11号

颁布时间: 04/15/2010

实施时间: 04/15/2010

 

Chapter 1: General Provisions

第一章 总 则

Article 1  With a view to standardizing financial reporting by enterprises, and ensuring the truthfulness and completeness of financial reports, these Guidelines are formulated pursuant to theAccounting Law of the People's Republic of China, other relevant laws and regulations, as well as theBasic Norms for the Internal Control of Enterprises.

   第一条 为了规范企业财务报告，保证财务报告的真实、完整，根据《中华人民共和国会计法》等有关法律法规和《企业内部控制基本规范》，制定本指引。

 Article 2  For the purpose of these Guidelines, financial reports shall refer to the documents reflecting the financial position of an enterprise on a particular date and its operating results and cash flow during a certain accounting period.

   第二条 本指引所称财务报告，是指反映企业某一特定日期财务状况和某一会计期间经营成果、现金流量的文件。

 Article 3  An enterprise shall, at least, pay attention to the following risks in preparing, providing external parties with, and analyzing and using financial reports:

(1) The risks that financial reports are not prepared in compliance with the laws and regulations on accounting, as well as the uniform accounting standards of the State, which may cause the enterprise to bear legal liabilities and damage its reputation;

(2) The risks of providing false financial reports to mislead their users, which may result in poor decision-making and disrupt the market order; and

(3) The risks that the enterprise is unable to effectively use financial reports and promptly detect the problems existing in its operations and management, which may make its financial and operating risks go out of control.

   第三条 企业编制、对外提供和分析利用财务报告，至少应当关注下列风险：

  （一）编制财务报告违反会计法律法规和国家统一的会计准则制度，可能导致企业承担法律责任和声誉受损。

  （二）提供虚假财务报告，误导财务报告使用者，造成决策失误，干扰市场秩序。

  （三）不能有效利用财务报告，难以及时发现企业经营管理中存在的问题，可能导致企业财务和经营风险失控。

 Article 4  An enterprise shall strictly enforce the laws and regulations on accounting, as well as the uniform accounting standards of the State, strengthen the management of the entire process of preparing, providing external parties with, and analyzing and using financial reports, specify relevant work processes and requirements, and implement the accountability system, so as to ensure that financial reports are prepared in a lawful and compliant manner, contain true and complete contents and are effectively utilized.

The chief accountant or the person in charge of accounting shall organize and take the lead in such tasks as preparing, providing external parties with, and analyzing and using financial reports.

The person in charge of the enterprise shall be accountable to the truthfulness and completeness of its financial reports.

   第四条 企业应当严格执行会计法律法规和国家统一的会计准则制度，加强对财务报告编制、对外提供和分析利用全过程的管理，明确相关工作流程和要求，落实责任制，确保财务报告合法合规、真实完整和有效利用。

  总会计师或分管会计工作的负责人负责组织领导财务报告的编制、对外提供和分析利用等相关工作。

  企业负责人对财务报告的真实性、完整性负责。

Chapter 2: Preparation of Financial Reports

第二章 财务报告的编制

 Article 5  An enterprise shall focus on accounting policies and accounting estimates in preparing its financial reports, and shall examine and approve the handling of transactions and matters having a significant impact on the financial reports in accordance with the prescribed authority and procedures.

The enterprise shall conduct necessary asset checking, impairment testing and verification of claims and liabilities prior to the preparation of annual financial reports.

   第五条 企业编制财务报告，应当重点关注会计政策和会计估计，对财务报告产生重大影响的交易和事项的处理应当按照规定的权限和程序进行审批。

  企业在编制年度财务报告前，应当进行必要的资产清查、减值测试和债权债务核实。

 Article 6  An enterprise shall prepare financial reports in accordance with the uniform accounting standards of the State, and according to accounting books that contain complete registration information and are free from any error after verification, and other relevant information, and shall make sure the financial reports contain all necessary information, true figures and accurate calculation. The enterprise shall not omit any information or choose the information to be included in the reports at will.

   第六条 企业应当按照国家统一的会计准则制度规定，根据登记完整、核对无误的会计账簿记录和其他有关资料编制财务报告，做到内容完整、数字真实、计算准确，不得漏报或者随意进行取舍。

 Article 7  The assets, liabilities and owners' equity listed in the financial reports of an enterprise shall be true and reliable.

It is not allowed to arbitrarily change the pricing methods of various assets. In the case of impairment, the enterprise shall set aside the provision for impairment in a reasonable manner. It is strictly prohibited to inflate assets or reduce assets fictitiously.

All liabilities shall reflect the current obligations of the enterprise. The enterprise shall not recognize any liability in advance, delay such recognition or refuse to recognize the liability. It is strictly prohibited to inflate liabilities or reduce liabilities fictitiously.

Owners' equity shall reflect the remaining equity to which owners are entitled after deducting liabilities from the enterprise's assets, and shall consist of the paid-up capital, capital surplus, retained earnings, etc. The enterprise shall preserve and increase the value of owners' equity, and shall be strictly prohibited from making false capital contribution, withdrawing the contribution and making false capital declaration.

   第七条 企业财务报告列示的资产、负债、所有者权益金额应当真实可靠。

  各项资产计价方法不得随意变更，如有减值，应当合理计提减值准备，严禁虚增或虚减资产。

  各项负债应当反映企业的现时义务，不得提前、推迟或不确认负债，严禁虚增或虚减负债。

  所有者权益应当反映企业资产扣除负债后由所有者享有的剩余权益，由实收资本、资本公积、留存收益等构成。企业应当做好所有者权益保值增值工作，严禁虚假出资、抽逃出资、资本不实。

 Article 8  The financial reports of an enterprise shall truthfully present and list the incomes, expenses and profits of the current period.

Various incomes shall be recognized in accordance with the prescribed standards. The enterprise is not allowed to list fictitious incomes, conceal incomes, delay the recognition of incomes, or recognize incomes in advance.

Various expenses and costs shall be recognized as required. The enterprise is not allowed to arbitrarily change the recognition standards or measurement methods for expenses and costs, list fictitious or inflated expenses and costs, or list fewer expenses and costs than incurred, or list no such expense and cost.

Profits shall consist of the net amount after deducting expenses from incomes, gains and losses directly credited into the profits of the current period, etc. The enterprise is not allowed to adjust the profit calculation and distribution methods at will, or fabricate fictitious profits.

   第八条 企业财务报告应当如实列示当期收入、费用和利润。

  各项收入的确认应当遵循规定的标准，不得虚列或者隐瞒收入，推迟或提前确认收入。

  各项费用、成本的确认应当符合规定，不得随意改变费用、成本的确认标准或计量方法，虚列、多列、不列或者少列费用、成本。

  利润由收入减去费用后的净额、直接计入当期利润的利得和损失等构成。不得随意调整利润的计算、分配方法，编造虚假利润。

 Article 9  Various types of cash flow presented and listed by the financial reports of an enterprise shall consist of the cash flow from operating activities, investment activities and fund-raising activities. The boundaries of the cash flow of various types of transactions and matters shall be delimited in accordance with the provisions.

   第九条 企业财务报告列示的各种现金流量由经营活动、投资活动和筹资活动的现金流量构成，应当按照规定划清各类交易和事项的现金流量的界限。

 Article 10  Notes are an integral part of a financial report, making truthful, complete and clear explanations of the matters that need to be explained as contained in the statements reflecting the financial position, operating results and cash flow of an enterprise. 

Enterprises shall prepare notes in accordance with the uniform accounting standards of the State.

   第十条 附注是财务报告的重要组成部分，对反映企业财务状况、经营成果、现金流量的报表中需要说明的事项，作出真实、完整、清晰的说明。

  企业应当按照国家统一的会计准则制度编制附注。

 Article 11  An enterprise group shall prepare consolidated financial statements, and specify the scope and methods of consolidation of the consolidated financial statements, to truthfully reflect the financial position, operating results and cash flow of the enterprise group.

   第十一条 企业集团应当编制合并财务报表，明确合并财务报表的合并范围和合并方法，如实反映企业集团的财务状况、经营成果和现金流量。

 Article 12  An enterprise shall make full use of information technology in preparing financial reports so as to improve work efficiency and quality, and reduce or avoid preparation errors and factors of manual adjustment.

   第十二条 企业编制财务报告，应当充分利用信息技术，提高工作效率和工作质量，减少或避免编制差错和人为调整因素。

Chapter 3: Provision of Financial Reports for External Parties

第三章 财务报告的对外提供

 Article 13  An enterprise shall provide external parties with its financial reports in a timely manner in accordance with the laws and regulations, and the uniform accounting standards of the State.

   第十三条 企业应当依照法律法规和国家统一的会计准则制度的规定，及时对外提供财务报告。

 Article 14  The financial reports of an enterprise, once completed, shall be bound, stamped by the official seal of the enterprise, and affixed with the signature and seal of the person in charge of the enterprise, the chief accountant or the person in charge of accounting or the person in charge of the financial and accounting department.

   第十四条 企业财务报告编制完成后，应当装订成册，加盖公章，由企业负责人、总会计师或分管会计工作的负责人、财会部门负责人签名并盖章。

 Article 15  Where the financial reports need to be audited by certified public accountants ("CPA"), the auditor's report issued by the CPAs and the employing firm shall be made available together with the financial reports.

Financial reports provided by the enterprise for external parties shall be sorted out and archived in a timely manner, and be properly kept in accordance with the relevant provisions.

   第十五条 财务报告须经注册会计师审计的，注册会计师及其所在的事务所出具的审计报告，应当随同财务报告一并提供。

  企业对外提供的财务报告应当及时整理归档，并按有关规定妥善保存。

Chapter 4: Analysis and Use of Financial Reports

第四章 财务报告的分析利用

 Article 16  An enterprise shall attach due importance to the analysis of its financial reports, hold financial analysis meetings on a regular basis, and make full use of the comprehensive information reflected in the financial reports to conduct a thorough analysis of the operation and management situation and the existing problems of the enterprise, and constantly improve its operation and management level.

The financial analysis meeting of the enterprise shall be attended by persons in charge of relevant departments. The chief accountant or the person in charge of accounting shall play a leading role in the analysis and use of financial reports.

   第十六条 企业应当重视财务报告分析工作，定期召开财务分析会议，充分利用财务报告反映的综合信息，全面分析企业的经营管理状况和存在的问题，不断提高经营管理水平。

  企业财务分析会议应吸收有关部门负责人参加。总会计师或分管会计工作的负责人应当在财务分析和利用工作中发挥主导作用。

 Article 17  An enterprise shall analyze its asset layout, liability level and owners' equity structure, and analyze its solvency and operational capacity through the asset-liability ratio, current ratio, asset turnover ratio and other indicators. In addition, the enterprise shall analyze changes of its net assets to understand and know well of the continuous changes of its size and net assets.

   第十七条 企业应当分析企业的资产分布、负债水平和所有者权益结构，通过资产负债率、流动比率、资产周转率等指标分析企业的偿债能力和营运能力；分析企业净资产的增减变化，了解和掌握企业规模和净资产的不断变化过程。

 Article 18  An enterprise shall analyze the composition of various incomes and expenses and the changes thereof, and analyze its profitability and development capacity through indicators such as the rate of return on common shareholders' equity and earnings per share, so as to understand and know well of the reasons behind the changes in the profits of the current period and future development trends.

   第十八条 企业应当分析各项收入、费用的构成及其增减变动情况，通过净资产收益率、每股收益等指标，分析企业的盈利能力和发展能力，了解和掌握当期利润增减变化的原因和未来发展趋势。

 Article 19  An enterprise shall analyze the operation of cash flow generated by business activities, investment activities and fund-raising activities, focusing on whether the cash flow can guarantee the normal operation of production and management, so as to prevent shortage of cash or idle cash.

   第十九条 企业应当分析经营活动、投资活动、筹资活动现金流量的运转情况，重点关注现金流量能否保证生产经营过程的正常运行，防止现金短缺或闲置。

 Article 20  An enterprise shall form analysis reports for regular financial analyses made, and such analysis reports shall constitute an integral part of internal reporting.

Results of financial analysis reports shall be promptly communicated to the relevant internal management of the enterprise, so as to fully leverage the important role of financial reports in the production, operation and management of the enterprise.

   第二十条 企业定期的财务分析应当形成分析报告，构成内部报告的组成部分。

  财务分析报告结果应当及时传递给企业内部有关管理层级，充分发挥财务报告在企业生产经营管理中的重要作用。