了解英美法中的“culpable homicide”

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Culpable homicide指的是“应受惩罚的杀人罪”,有的地方也称“刑事杀人案”。在苏格兰法律中,是指尚未达到谋杀罪〔murder〕程度的杀人罪(the crime of killing sb. illegally but not deliberately)。杀人罪,包括应受惩罚的故意杀人〔voluntary culpable homicide〕和应受惩罚的过失杀人〔involuntary culpable homicide〕两种。前者是指行为人在受到严重挑衅、醉酒或限制责任能力等可使罪责减轻的情况下所实施的杀人行为。后者是指行为人由于重大疏忽而非故意所为的杀人行为,或者在实施诸如殴打、强奸等非法行为过程中致使他人死亡的行为。在特定情形下,如超越法定职责、出于必要、被胁迫等致使的杀人行为或杀婴等,在实践中一般是以杀人罪而非谋杀罪被起诉。

【拓展】culpable一词的中文含义为“有罪的,应受惩罚的”。culpable conduct指的是“应受谴责(或惩处)的行为”,一般情况下,包括违反法律义务或者有过错的、应受道义上的谴责的行为。虽然这种行为超出了一般过失,但并不含有恶意或者犯罪的目的。culpable negligence指的是“应受惩罚的过失;有责过失;负有罪责的过失”。

参考例句:Recognizing that fibre optic submarine cables transmit most of the world’s data and communications and, hence, are vitally important to the global economy and the national security of all States, conscious that these cables are susceptible to intentional and accidental damage from shipping and other activities, noting that these matters have been brought to the attention of States at various wor kshops and seminars, and conscious of the need for States to adopt national laws and regulations to protect submarine cables and render their wilful damage or damage by culpable negligence punishable offences.

确认海底光纤电缆传输全球大部分数据和通讯,因而对全球经济及所有国家的国家安全都极为重要,意识到这些电缆很容易受到航运和其他活动有意和意外的损害,注意在各种讲习班和研讨会上,已提请各国注意这些事项,意识到各国需要制订国家法律和法规,保护海底电缆,把故意损坏电缆的行为或因重大过失而损坏电缆的行为定为应受惩处的罪行。

The truck driver involved is expected to appear in court , charged with culpable homicide .

肇事卡车司机被指控涉嫌刑事杀人案,预计将出庭受审。

发布于 2022-01-24 17:08:49
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