Beyond all reasonable doubt 即:排除一切合理怀疑,是美国刑事案件中刑事证据证明标准。证明标准是控诉方或原告方说服事实裁定者被告人有罪或控告事实成立的程度。
美国司法制度中通常使用四个基本的标准(按严格程度列举):优势证据(preponderance of the evidence)、清晰且有力标准(clear and convincing evidence)、清晰、不含糊且有力标准(clear,unequivocal,and convincing evidence)和排除合理怀疑标准(proof beyond a reasonable doubt)。
我国也有类似法律,我国刑事诉讼法第五十五条:
对一切案件的判处都要重证据,重调查研究,不轻信口供。只有被告人供述,没有其他证据的,不能认定被告人有罪和处以刑罚;没有被告人供述,证据确实、充分的,可以认定被告人有罪和处以刑罚。证据确实、充分,应当符合以下条件:
(一)定罪量刑的事实都有证据证明;
(二)据以定案的证据均经法定程序查证属实;
(三)综合全案证据,对所认定事实已排除合理怀疑。
参考双语例句:
With regard to the suggestion to introduce a defence for failure to provide records for inspection due to circumstances beyond the company's control, the Administration is of the view that since mens rea is required to be proved beyond reasonable doubt for prosecution of a "responsible person" in order to secure a conviction, it is not necessary to provide the statutory defence in this respect.
至于委员建议订定免责辩护条文,以涵盖公司因不能控制的情况而未能提供纪录供查阅的情况,政府当局认为,由于控方须在无合理疑点的情况下证明"责任人"的犯罪意图,方能将其定罪,因此没有必要在这方面提供法定免责辩护。
If a share certificate shall be damaged or defaced or alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed a new certificate representing the same shares may be issued to the relevant Member upon request and on payment of such fee as the Designated Stock Exchange may determine to be the maximum fee payable or such lesser sum as the Board may determine and, subject to compliance with such terms (if any) as to evidence and indemnity and to payment of the costs and reasonable out-of-pocket expenses of the Company in investigating such evidence and preparing such indemnity as the Board may think fit and, in case of damage or defacement, on delivery of the old certificate to the Company provided always that where share warrants have been issued, no new share warrant shall be issued to replace one that has been lost unless the Directors are satisfied beyond reasonable doubt that the original has been destroyed.
倘股票遭损坏或涂污或声称已遗失、失窃或销毁,于股东提出要求及 支付有关费用(指定证券交易所可能厘定的应付最高款额或董事会可能厘定的较低数额)后,并须符合有关证据及赔偿保证,以及支付本公司于调查该等证据及准备董事会认为适合的赔偿保证时的成本或合理实付开支,及就损坏或涂污而言,向本 公司递交原有股票的条款(若有),本公司可向有关股东发出代表相同数目的新股票,惟倘已发出认股权证,则不会发出新的认股权证,以取代原已遗失者,除非董事并无合理疑问地信纳原有认股权证已遭销毁。