了解“presumption of innocence”的含义及其相关规定"

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“Presumption of innocence”翻译为“无罪推定”。无罪推定指的是在刑事诉讼中,任何被怀疑犯罪或者受到刑事指控的人在未经司法程序最终确认有罪之前,在法律上应推定其无罪或假定其无罪。其核心内容是保护犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的合法权利,具体包括三个方面的规则:

(1)疑罪从无规则。即证据不足,不能认定犯罪嫌疑人、被告人有罪的,应当作出证据不足、指控的犯罪不能成立的无罪判决。

(2)控方举证规则。即控诉方承担证明犯罪嫌疑人或被告人有罪的责任,而犯罪嫌疑人、被告人不能自证其罪,他们虽有反驳控诉,证明自己无罪的权利,但是没有证明自己无罪的义务。

(3)沉默权规则。即犯罪嫌疑人、被告人有决定是否行使反驳控诉、是否同司法机关合作的权利。被告人拒绝提供陈述或者故意提供虚假陈述不负刑事责任;仅有被告人供述,没有其他证据的,不得认为被告人有罪。

参考双语例句:

The organization and functioning of the courts and tribunals remain in line with the fundamental principles established in particular by international instruments on justice, these being: the independence and impartiality of the judiciary; equality before the law without discrimination; presumption of innocence; the rule requiring that offences and punishments shall be strictly defined by law; the right to a second hearing and the right to a defence, to assistance and to legal aid.

法院和法庭的组织和运行仍符合基本原则,尤其是国际司法条约确立的基本原则:司法独立和公正,法律面前人人平等、不受歧视,无罪推定,犯罪和刑罚的合法性,两级司法机关以及获得司法辩护、援助和帮助的权利。

The Special Rapporteur underlines the necessity of legal reform through review of legislation and procedures to ensure conformity with human rights standards and respect for the basic principles of the presumption of innocence, due process of the law and independence of the judiciary.

当局必须遵循这些标准和准则,以确保公正审判和正当法律程序。特别报告员强调有必要通过复查立法和程序而进行司法改革,以确保遵守国际人权标准以及尊重无罪推定、正当法律程序和司法机关独立等基本原则。

However, it noted that the judicial system, in practice, still lacks procedures to ensure fair trials, such as the right for defendants to call witnesses to testify on their behalf, the right to a defence attorney or a court-appointed attorney if the defendant cannot afford one, or the presumption of innocence.

然而,美国指出,司法制度实际上仍没有确保公平审判的程序,如被告要求证人替他们作证的权利、得到被告律师或在被告没有经济能力雇用被告律师时取得法院任命的律师的权利、以及无罪推定。

发布于 2022-02-25 15:26:39
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