Blasphemy是一些西方国家的“渎神罪；亵渎罪”，英文释义为：expressing disrespect for God or for something sacred，是指宗教国家对侮辱其信仰的行为而定的罪名。

柏拉图在《法律篇》中说：“对一切不敬神的人普遍宣告：他们必须放弃他们现有的习惯，赞成敬神的生活。”对犯了渎神罪的人，要进行监禁，对无神论者则也要进行训诫、监禁，必要是必须处以死刑，禁止非法的宗教活动，乃是“一条普遍的法律”。

伊朗和巴基斯坦是针对渎神行为惩处最为严厉的两个国家，渎神者将有可能面临死刑（death penalty）。许多欧洲国家的成文法中也都有渎神法的存在，当时的设计是为了保护教会利益，但事实上很少有真正使用这类法律，比如瑞士、德国、芬兰、匈牙利等。

参考双语例句：

International Pen was also concerned about the existence of “blasphemy” laws, under which a number of writers and publishers had been charged and imprisoned and sentenced to death, and indicated that it would continue to call for the release of those imprisoned under such legislation.

国际笔会还对“亵渎”法的存在表示关注，依据这类法律，一些作家和出版人被起诉、监禁和判处死刑，国际笔会指出，它将继续要求释放根据此类法律监禁的人。

In September 2006, in a press release, IPI expressed concern over the increasing use of phrases calling for the prevention of the “defamation of religions” in documents issued by the United Nations, saying that the growing acceptance of the phrase at the international level had worrying implications for freedom of the media, as it could provide suitable legal cover and justification for several countries wishing to introduce fresh blasphemy laws; if that were to happen, the media would find it increasingly difficult to comment upon religious principles, religious practices and even religious leaders.

2006年9月在一篇新闻稿中，新闻学会对在联合国印发的文件中越来越多地使用要求防止“诽谤宗教”的措辞表示关切，指出这样的用语在国际一级日益被接 受，其对媒体自由的影响令人担忧，因为它可以为有意引入新亵渎法的几个国家提供适宜的法律保护和理由。

On 19 April 2010, for example, the Constitutional Court of Indonesia upheld the country’s anti-blasphemy law (No. 1/PNPS/1965), which imposes criminal penalties of up to five years’ imprisonment on individuals who deviate from the basic teachings of the official religions.

例如，2010年4月19日，印度尼西亚宪法法院维持该国的反亵渎法(第1/PNPS/1965号)，其中对背离官方宗教基本教条的人施加刑事处分，最多判处五年徒刑。