在国际法律文件如CISG或各国双方签订的BIT中，经常会出现短语“subject to”，据小编不负责任统计，在CISG中，“subject to”出现至少有十次。在法律英语词汇都经过严选慎用以避免歧义的严谨性下，“subject to”灵动的意义表达也算得上是很少见。

“subject to”可翻译为“根据……” “在……的条件下”“须受……限制/规制”“须经……”等,下面，请根据下列例句体会“subjectto”的灵活运用。

1

Declarations made under this Convention at the time of signature are subjectto confirmation upon ratification, acceptance or approval.

                         《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》第97条第1款

译：根据本公约规定在签字时做出的声明，须经批准、接受或核准等方式加以确认。

2

A contract of sale need not be concluded in or evidenced by writing and isnot subject to any other requirement as to form. It may be proved by anymeans, including witnesses.

《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》第11条 

译：销售合同无须以书面形式订立或以书面形式证明，在形式方面也不受任何其他条件的限制。销售合同可以用包括人证在内的任何方式来证明。

3

投保人变更受益人时须经被保险人同意。

                                               《中华人民共和国保险法》第41条第2款

译：Theapplicant may change the beneficiary subject to the consent of theinsured.

4

用工单位应当根据工作岗位的实际需要与劳务派遣单位确定派遣期限，不得将连续用工期限分割订立数个短期劳务派遣协议。

《中华人民共和国劳动合同法》第59条第2款 

译：Thelabor service unit shall confirm the time limit of dispatch with the labordispatch unit subject to theactual need of the position, and shall not conclude several short term labordispatch agreements by dividing a consecutive labor service period.

5

Where under a contract of sale the transfer of the property in the goods isto take place at a future time or subject to some condition later to befulfilled, the contract is called an agreement to sell.

英国《1979年货物买卖法》（Sale of Goods, 1979）第二条第五款

译：在买卖合同中，如货物所有权的转移发生在将来的某个时间、或须特定条件满足才得以实现，此合同被称为出售协定。

6a

No one shall be subjected toarbitrary arrest, detention or exile

                                                 联合国《世界人权宣言》第九条

译：任何人不得加以任意逮捕、拘禁或放逐

6b

No oneshall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family,home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honor and reputation. Everyonehas the right to the protection of the law against such interference orattacks.

                                                     联合国《世界人权宣言》第十二条

译：任何人的私生活、家庭、住宅和通信不得任意干涉，他的荣誉和名誉不得加以攻击。人人有权享受法律保护，以免受这种干涉或攻击。