英国的律师职业可分为两类:出庭律师(barrister)和事务律师(solicitor)。
事务律师,英文为solicitor,事务律师的主要法律业务是为委托人提供有关诉讼或者非诉讼事务的1,法律咨询,2,制作法律文书,3,办理不动产产权的转移等。在刑事案件中,事务律师既可以接受犯罪嫌疑人或被告人的委托,或者接受法院的指定,担任辩护人,也可以接受皇家检察机构的聘任,担任专职检察官。事务律师担任刑事辩护人(criminal defender),目前只能在治安法院(Magistrate Court)出席法庭审判,为被告人提供辩护。而不能出席刑事法院以及更高审级法院的审判,担任辩护人。
出庭律师,英文为barrister,又译“大律师”、“巴律师”、“高级律师”等。作为刑事辩护人(criminal defender),出庭律师可以在除治安法院(Magistrate Court)以外的其他法院出庭辩护。在刑事诉讼领域,嫌疑人和被告人不能直接委托出庭律师辩护,而必须通过事务律师作为中介人。被告人的所有请求和意见均要通过事务律师向出庭律师转交。成为出庭律师必须具备以下条件:1,成为英国四大律师公会的成员;2,有大学学历,并通过专门举行的资格考试;3,在指定的律师事务所实习一年以上。出庭律师也分为两种:Junior和Silk。Silk也称作Queen Counsel,大部分QC是君主或者君主的代表册封的,在法庭上他们会穿上特别设计的丝质长袍,因此也被称为Silk。
【总结solicitor和barrister的区别】:
1.事务律师具提供法律经验,出庭律师拥有丰富的出庭应诉经验;
2.事务律师处理日常法律事务,只能在基层法院代表当事人出庭;出庭律师则有资格享有在高等法院,包括高级法院、刑事法院、上诉法院及上议院出庭发言的权利;
3.事务律师属于事务律师协会(Law Society of England and Wales),出庭律师属于出庭律师协会(The Bar Council);
参考双语例句:
The Chief Executive Officer of LAC, who is appointed by the Attorney General and is not required to be a barrister or solicitor;110and (b) nine part-time members, among whom one is appointed as the Chairman of the Board; one is nominated by the Bar Association of NSW; one is nominated by the Law Society of NSW; one is nominated by Unions NSW (which represents workers in NSW); three possess skills or experience that would benefit the Board; one represents consumer and community welfare interests; and one represents bodies providing community legal services.
9名非全职委员,当中1人获委任为董事局主席;1人由新南威尔斯大律师公会提名;1人由新南威尔斯律师会提名;1人由新南威尔斯各工会(代表新南威尔斯的工人阶层)提名;3人须拥有对董事局有所裨益的技能或经验;1人代表消费者及社区福祉利益及1人代表提供社区法律服务团体。
These provisions relate to the Higher Rights Assessment Board (the Board)'s determination of an application for higher rights of audience before the High Court and the Court of Final Appeal in civil and criminal proceedings (higher rights), the eligibility requirements, the conditions for granting the application, the loss of higher rights, the cessation and re-acquisition of higher rights, the keeping of a list of solicitors having higher rights, and the issuance of higher rights certificates and a code of conduct for solicitor advocates.
该等条文关乎较高级法院出庭发言权评核委员会(“评核委员会”)就在高等法院及终审法院席前进行的民事及刑事法律程序享有较高级法院出庭发言权(“较高级法院出庭发言权”)的申请作出裁定资格规定批准申请的条件丧失停止享有及重新取得较高级法院出庭发言权备存享有较高级法院出庭发言权的律师名单,以及发出较高级法院出庭发言权证书和讼辩律师的行为守则。