旗渡法律翻译官方账号
法律英语用词特点(五):大量使用命令词和情态动词
由于法律,法规代表统治阶级的意志,表现司法主体对司法客体的行为制约和义务规定,它通常要求司法客体"必须"、"可以"、"应该"或"不许"、"不能"、"不得"作什么,用词通常带命令语气。
例句:
The damages caused, either to the vessels or to their cargoes or to the effects or to other property of the crews, passengers, or other persons on board, are borne by the vessels in fault in the above proportions, and even to third parties a vessel is liable for more than such proportion of such damage.
分析:
该句的are borne by和is liable for都带有命令,强制的语气。情态动词may, not, must, should, ought to等也因此而频繁出现在法律条文里。笔者曾注意到,在《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》有关卖方违约的补救条款第45-52条共八个条款中就有13处使用may, 3处用maynot, 2处用must, 2处用will, 还用了4次will not和一次ought to.