人格异常；人格障碍 personality disorders

个人适应生活的方式和对所遇到的各种情况作出反应时的持续性失调，涉及一连串个人与社会、工作及其本人关系的行为方式。其主要类型有：反应迟钝、精神分裂、循环性精神病和偏执狂。了解人格障碍有重要的法律意义，从中可以说明有些行为，例如性犯罪产生的原因。 

A personality disorder is a type of mental disorder in which you have a rigid and unhealthy pattern of thinking, functioning and behaving. A person with a personality disorder has trouble perceiving and relating to situations and people. This causes significant problems and limitations in relationships, social activities, work and school. 以下为相关例句，可供参考：

例句1

Personality disorders (PD) are a class of mental disorders characterized by enduring maladaptive patterns of behavior, cognition, and inner experience, exhibited across many contexts and deviating from those accepted by the individual's culture. These patterns develop early, are inflexible, and are associated with significant distress or disability. The definitions vary by source and remain a matter of controversy.

人格障碍(PD)是一类精神障碍，其特征是持久的行为、认知和内心体验的不适应模式，在许多情况下表现出来，并偏离个体文化所接受的模式。这些模式发展较早，不灵活，并与重大的痛苦或残疾有关。定义因来源而异，仍然是一个有争议的问题。

例句2

Treatment for personality disorders is primarily psychotherapeutic. Evidence-based psychotherapies for personality disorders include cognitive behavioral therapy, and dialectical behavior therapy especially for borderline personality disorder.

人格障碍的治疗主要是心理治疗。针对人格障碍的循证心理治疗包括认知行为治疗和辩证行为治疗，尤其是针对边缘型人格障碍的治疗。

例句3

Personality disorders are associated with considerable stigma in popular and clinical discourse alike. Despite various methodological schemas designed to categorize personality disorders, many issues occur with classifying a personality disorder because the theory and diagnosis of such disorders occur within prevailing cultural expectations; thus, their validity is contested by some experts on the basis of inevitable subjectivity. They argue that the theory and diagnosis of personality disorders are based strictly on social, or even sociopolitical and economic considerations.

在流行和临床讨论中，人格障碍都与相当大的污名有关。尽管设计了各种方法模式来对人格障碍进行分类，但在对人格障碍进行分类时会出现许多问题，因为这种障碍的理论和诊断是在流行的文化预期中出现的；因此，一些专家基于不可避免的主观性对其有效性提出质疑。他们认为人格障碍的理论和诊断是严格基于社会的，甚至是社会政治和经济的考虑。

例句4

Personality disorders are deeply ingrained, rigid ways of thinking and behaving that result in impaired relationships with others and often cause distress for the individual who experiences them. Many mental health professionals formally recognize 10 disorders that fall into three clusters, although there is known to be much overlap between the categories.

人格障碍是根深蒂固的，僵化的思维和行为方式，会导致与他人的关系受损，并经常给经历这些的人带来痛苦。许多心理健康专家正式承认10种精神障碍分为三类，尽管已知这些类别之间有许多重叠。

相关知识拓展：

人格障碍（英语：personality disorders），或人格（性格）疾患／异常／违常。是精神疾病中，对于一群特定拥有长期而僵化思想及行为病患的分类。这类疾患常可因其人格和行为的问题而导致社会功能的障碍。

人格违常是据美国精神医学学会所定，这类疾患的表现是跨文化和国界的。它们被定义成发病期至少要能追溯到成长期早期或更早。要能符合人格违常诊断的最低标准是疾患本身必须已干扰到个人、社会、或职业功能。