to the extent以及由其衍生的if and to the extent是英文合同中经常出现的制式短语，其译法一般如下：

“extent”表示“界限、范围、程度”，因此，“to the extent”就表示“达到这样的程度或范围”，翻译时可译为“在……的范围内”或“如果”：

例1：

The Employer and the Engineer shall also be indemnified under the policy of insurance, except that this insurance may exclude losses and claims to the extent that they arise from any act or neglect of the Employer or of the Employer’s Personnel.

雇主和工程师也应能够凭此保险单获得赔偿，除非保险没有城堡由雇主或雇主的人员的任何行为或疏忽造成的损失和索赔。这里保险和索赔被排除的范围就是“该损失或索赔是由于雇主或雇主的人员的任何行为或疏忽造成的”。

例2：

Article 88 (1) If the goods are subject to rapid deterioration or their preservation would involve unreasonable expense, a party who is bound to preserve the goods in accordance with Article 85 or 86 must take reasonable measures to sell them. To the extent possible, he must give notice to the other party of his intention to sell.

第88条（1）如果货物易于迅速变坏，或者货物的保全牵涉到不合理的费用，则按照第85条或第86条规定有义务保全货物的一方当事人，必须采取合理措施，把货物出售。在可能的范围内，他必须把出售货物的打算通知另一方当事人。

例3：

To the extent that the performances of the parties can be rendered simultaneously, the parties are bound to render them simultaneously unless the circumstances indicate otherwise.

如果合同方可以同时履行，则双方应同时履行，除非有情况表明不能同时履行。双方应同时履行的范围就是“能够同时履行”。

例4：

To the extent which was practicable (taking account of cost and time), the Contractor shall be deemed to have obtained all necessary information as to risks, contingencies and other circumstances which may influence or affect the Tender or Works.

如果可行（考虑到费用和时间），承包商应被认为已取得了可能对投标文件或工程产生影响或作用的有关风险、意外事故及其他情况的全部必要的资料。

“to the extent”除了单独使用外，还经常和其他连词一起使用，比如“if and to the extent”或“where and to the extent”等，这时一般翻译为“如果且仅限于”、“如果且仅当”。如：

例1：

Any such instruction shall constitute a Variation if and to the extent that it causes the Contractor to incur Unforeseeable Cost. Services for these personnel and other contractors may include the use of Contractor’s Equipment, Temporary Works or access arrangements which are the responsibility of the Contractor.

如果且仅限于此类指示使承包商产生了不可预见的费用，则该指示构成了变更。为这些人员和其他承包商提供的服务包括使用承包商的设备，承包商负责的临时工程或道路通行安排。

例2：

If and to the extent that the Contractor encounters physical conditions which are unforeseeable, gives such a notice, and suffers delay and/or incurs Cost due to these conditions, the Contractor shall be entitled subject to Sub-Clause 20.1 [Contractor’s Claims] to claims.

如果且仅限于承包商遇到了不可预见的外界条件，发出了通知，且因此遭致延误和/或产生了费用，承包商应有权依据第20.1款【承包商的索赔】要求索赔。

例3：

Any such instruction shall constitute a Variation if and to the extent that it causes the Contractor to incur Cost in an amount which was not reasonably foreseeable by an experienced contractor at the Base Date.

如果且仅当该指令致使承包商承担了一个有经验的承包商在基准日期无法预见的费用，则该指令构成变更。

例4：

Where and to the extent that both the carrier and the actual carrier are liable, their liability is joint and several.

如果且仅当承运人和实际承运人均须负责时，他们负有连带责任。