在现代社会，大家通常会依据身穿的制服（也可以说衣领颜色）来称呼某类人士，比如“白领”和“蓝领”，“白领”是指穿着西装打着领带从事更高技术要求工作的高薪人士，典型代表为公司管理层、律师、会计师、咨询师、电脑程序员等；“蓝领”是指身穿蓝色衬衫在建筑、制造、维修、矿业等行业从事体力活动的人士；“灰领”原指身穿灰色制服负责维修电器、上下水道、机械的技术工人，现指具有较高的知识层次、较强的创新能力、掌握熟练技能的新兴人才。除了根据衣领颜色分类之外，还会根据行业进行分类，比如“绿领”“粉领”“金领”。其中，“绿领”是指环境保护和可持续发展领域的从业人员，“粉领”是指售货员、服务员、秘书、接待员等服务领域从业人员（从传统意义上来看，上述职位多由女性担任），“金领”一般是三资企业高级管理，外商驻华机构的中方代表，规模较大的民营企业的经理，国有企业的高层领导等。

那么，要是不同颜色的“领”触犯法律，会是什么样的呢？下面一起了解一下。

White-collar Crime

"White-collar crime" is a term first coined by sociologist Edwin Sutherland in 1949 who defined it as a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status during his occupation.

“白领犯罪”一词最初是由社会学家Edwin Sutherland于1949年提出，其意为在职期间拥有较高社会地位之人所实施的犯罪。

White-collar crime is a nonviolent crime often characterized by deceit or concealment to obtain or avoid losing money or property, or to gain a personal or business advantage.

白领犯罪是一种非暴力犯罪，通常表现为，通过欺骗或隐瞒获得金钱或财产或避免损失金钱或财产，或者谋取私利或商业利益。

Examples of white-collar crimes include securities fraud, embezzlement, corporate fraud, and money laundering. Entities that investigate white-collar crime include the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD), the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), and state authorities.

白领犯罪包括证券欺诈、盗用资产、公司欺诈和洗钱等。有权对该等犯罪进行调查的机构有美国证券交易委员会（SEC）、美国全国证券交易商协会（NASD）、美国联邦调查局（FBI）和州当局。

Blue-collar Crime

Blue-collar crime is a term given to criminal acts more likely to be committed by citizens of lower social class in society, such as those which inflict direct harm on the person or property of others. This is in contrast to white-collar crime, which is generally committed by citizens of higher social class, who are more likely to be presented with the opportunity to commit such crimes.

蓝领犯罪是指更可能由社会地位较低人士实施的犯罪，比如对他人或他人财产造成直接伤害。与蓝领犯罪相反的便是白领犯罪，即通常由更高社会地位人士实施的犯罪，因为白领人士更有机会实施。

"Blue-collar crime" is an informal classification and holds no particular legal weight. For the most part, blue-collar crime entails whatever crimes are most immediately possible for a person to commit, those that are most often spurred by passion rather than those that require careful deliberation. Crimes against the person, crimes against property, and many forms of victimless crime such as prostitution, gambling and drug abuse all tend to be classified as blue-collar crime. Blue-collar crimes are, for the most part, those that cause an immediate and highly visible injury to society, so they're usually punished much more rapidly and severely than white-collar crime. Also, citizens of lower social class cannot generally afford high-quality legal assistance, which means they tend to suffer far more severe punishment than white-collar criminals.

“蓝领犯罪”是一种非正式分类，并不具备特定的法律分量。在大多数情况下，蓝领犯罪是最有可能立即实施的犯罪，通常是在激情的驱使下实施，并不需要精心布局。侵害人身罪、侵犯财产罪、无受害者犯罪（比如，卖淫、赌博、吸毒）均归为蓝领犯罪。蓝领犯罪大多会对社会造成直接且显而易见的伤害，因此，相较于白领犯罪，相关机构会迅速对蓝领犯罪进行严惩。此外，社会地位较低人士一般无法承担高质量法律援助所需费用，也就意味着他们所受惩罚会比白领罪犯严重的多。

Citizens of higher social class are certainly capable of committing "blue-collar" crimes, and do, all the time. However, the vast majority of these crimes are committed by citizens of lower social class, who in turn have limited opportunities to commit white-collar crimes such as financial fraud and money laundering, which is how these classifications originated.

当然，社会地位较高人士也会实施“蓝领犯罪”。但是，大多数还是由社会地位较低人士所实施，同时他们不太有机会实施金融欺诈、洗钱等白领犯罪。

来源：

Investopedia；

https://www.upcounsel.com/lectl-blue-collar-crime