前面讲述了两类比较常见的犯罪——白领犯罪（White-collar crime）和蓝领犯罪（Blue-collar crime），下面讲一下其他类型的犯罪。

 

Pink-collar crime

Pink-collar crime was popularized by Dr. Kathleen Daly, originally mentioned in her 1989 article, “Gender and varieties of white-collar crime,” in the academic journal, Criminology. Pink-collar crime refers to embezzlement-related crimes, which are often times lower- to mid-level office women, who steal from their employers. Examples could include bookkeepers, office managers, and accountants, who have limited opportunity and access to intimate information.

“粉领犯罪”一词出自Dr. Kathleen Daly于1989年发表在学术期刊Criminology上名为“Gender and varieties of white-collar crime”的文章。粉领犯罪指的是与盗用资产相关的犯罪，实施犯罪的多为鲜有机会接触私人信息的中低层女性办公人员，比如，簿记员、办公室经理和会计员。

 

It is important to note pink-collar crimes are not exclusive to women as it’s the position, not the gender that defines pink-collar crimes. Generally speaking, there are more women than men in these roles of opportunity. Though not as publicized, pink collar crime is serious and is growing at an alarming rate, approximately increasing 40% since 1990.

需要注意的是，粉领犯罪与性别无关，并不仅仅局限于女性，只是通常来说女性多于男性。虽然并未公布犯罪数据，情况还是比较严峻，粉领犯罪率呈快速上升趋势，自1990年增加了近40%。

 

Green-collar crime

Simply put, green crimes are damaging to the environment and, in turn, to all living beings on the planet. Similarly to most sociological phenomena, green crimes are not restricted to a single territory - their causes, prevalence, and impacts transcend borders and can occur on a local or international scale.

简单来说，绿领犯罪指的是破坏环境进而危及地球上所有生物的犯罪。与大多数社会学现象相似的是，绿领犯罪并非局限于一个单一区域——犯罪的成因、蔓延和影响会跨越国界，会在当地或国际范围内发生。

 

There are two key types of green crimes:

绿领犯罪主要分为两类：

 

Primary crime directly impacts the environment, including:

air pollution,

water pollution,

endangering species, and

deforestation.

初级犯罪会直接影响环境，其中包括：

空气污染；

水污染；

危及物种；和

滥伐林木。

 

Secondary crime involves a breach of the laws that regulate the environment, including:

state violence against environment action groups.

次级犯罪涉及违反环境相关法律法律，其中包括：

国家使用武力对付环保团体。

 

Red-collar crime

The term “red-collared crime” has been used to describe white-collar crimes that turn horribly violent. After their white-collar crimes have been discovered, red-collar criminals use murder as a method of concealment, also called “fraud concealment homicide”, thus changing the white-collar crime to a red-collar crime. The red-collar criminal usually has a mixed criminal history of white-collar and non-white-collar crimes, that often includes a history of violence.

“红领犯罪”指的是极为暴力的白领犯罪。白领犯罪行为被发现后，红领犯罪实施者可能会采用谋杀手段进行隐瞒，也可以称作“欺诈隐瞒谋杀”，由此白领犯罪变为红领犯罪。红领犯罪实施者通常既有白领犯罪史又有非白领犯罪史，通常包括暴力史。

 

Frank Perri coined the term “red-collar crime” in a 2015 article in the International Journal of Psychological Studies, stating, “red-collar criminals engage in violence to silence those who are in a position to detect and/or disclose their fraud schemes: hence the name fraud detection homicide describing the motive to classify the murder.”

Frank Perri于2015年在International Journal of Psychological Studies上发表的一篇文章（名为“Red Collar Crime”）中首次使用“红领犯罪”一词，其中写道：“红领犯罪实施者通过暴力手段谋杀那些能够察觉和/或揭露他们欺诈计划之人，因此，‘欺诈隐瞒谋杀’描述的是对谋杀分类的动机。”

 

 

 

来源：

https://somethingaboutorange.com/collared-crimes/#:~:text=The%20term%20%E2%80%9Cred-collared%20crime%E2%80%9D%20has%20been%20used%20to,changing%20the%20white-collar%20crime%20to%20a%20red-collar%20crime.

 

https://www.studysmarter.us/explanations/social-studies/crime-and-deviance/contemporary-crime/