合同翻译难点之——古体词

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商务英语合同中,一个很明显的特点就是会掺杂大量的古体词,在翻译这些古体词的时候,应根据本意及上下文灵活掌握释义。以herein为例,在有的上下文条款情境中,可以不必译出;有时又要采用汉语的文言词,如"兹"、"之"、"鉴于"、"特"等进行对等翻译。


在同一合同中,有些名词会被多次提及,这些古体词的使用,正是为了避免大量的重复用词导致条款内容过长,还可使合同的语句变得简练、准确、且有说服力。


例如:This contract is made by and between ABC Corporation, (hereafter called the seller) and DEF Co., Ltd. (hereafter called the buyer) whereby the seller agrees to sell and the Buyer agrees to buy the under-mentioned goods in accordance with the terms and conditions stipulated below. 此句中,用hereafter将卖方的名称简化为seller,是合同语言更为简洁。而whereby的使用,不仅使意思表达更加明确,更体现出了英语合同语言措辞的准确性以及合同的古文风格,凸显出了合同的正式和严谨。


常见的古体词及其用法示例列举如下:


1. hereafter


Hereafter means after this in sequence or in time, in some future time or state.(此后,以下)

例句:

The Company’s shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange and The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (hereafter collectively referred to as the “Stock Exchange”).

本公司分别在纽约证券交易所及香港联合交易所有限公司(以下统称为“证券交易所”)上市。


2. hereby

Hereby means by this or by means of this.(以此方式,以此,特此)

常作为法律文件、合同、协议等正式文件的开头语,在条款中需要强调时也可以用。一般置于主语后。

例句:

Hereby compliance with law requirements is self-evident.

因此依照法律规定也是不证自明的。


I hereby certify that the information provided voluntarily.

兹证明上述资料由本人自愿提供。


3. herefrom

Herefrom means from this fact or statement.(由此,从此)

例句:

Any matter arising herefrom shall be subject to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of England and Wales.


任何就此约引起的问题应受英格兰和威尔士法院非专属管辖。


4. herein

Herein means in this document.(此中,于此,在此文件中)

例句:

All terms used in this Agreement have the meaning ascribed to them in the Protocol unless otherwise defined herein.

除本协定另有规定外,本协定使用的所有术语均具有《议定书》赋予的含义。


5. hereinabove

Hereinabove means at a prior point in this writing or document.(前文,上文)

例句:

Without prejudice to (a) and (b) hereinabove, any remaining balance of the budget will be allocated pro rata to the Member States.

在不妨碍上文 (a) 和 (b)款规定的前提下,成员国按比例分摊预算的任何剩余款项。


6. hereinafter

Hereinafter means in the following part of this writing or document.(在下文)

例句:

Notice of the declaration of dividend, whether interim or otherwise, shall be given to the holders of the registered shares in manner hereinafter provided.

宣派股息(不论为中期股息或其他股息)的通知须按照下文规定的方式向登记股份的持有人发出。


7. hereinbefore

Hereinbefore means in the preceding part of this writing or document.(在上文)

例句:

Notice of every general meeting shall be given in any manner hereinbefore authorised to.

每次股东大会的通知须以上文许可的任何方式发出。 


8. hereof

Hereof means of this.(就此,关于此)

例句:

in support or witness hereof.

以资证明。

The amount of each drawing must be endorsed on reverse hereof.

每笔汇票金额必须在信用证背面给予签注。


9. hereto

Hereto means to this writing, document or matter.(对此,至此)


例句:

The Parties hereto reach an agreement in writing.

双方达成书面协议。

In accordance with the Order, which is annexed hereto, experts from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the United Nations Peacebuilding Support Office in Guinea-Bissau (UNOGBIS) were also added to the group.

根据法令的附件,在其中增加了联合国开发计划署和联合国几内亚比绍建设和平支助办事处的技术人员。


10. hereunder

Hereunder means under this or in accordance with this writing or document(在下面,在下文)

例句:

All of the obligations of the Guarantor hereunder shall be joint several liability.

担保人在本项担保书项下承担的义务均应是连带的。



11. herewith

Herewith means with this communication, or enclosed in this(同此,随信附上)

例句:

Attached herewith is the national report of the Republic of Mauritius on progress towards the achievement of the internationally agreed goals, including the Millennium Development Goals...

本函所附为毛里求斯共和国关于实现包括千年发展目标在内国际商定发展目标进展情况的国家报告。


12. thereafter

Thereafter means after that.(此后,后来)

例句:

The blueprint document on the Education Sector would be completed after taking on board the interests of the northern part of the continent and thereafter will be submitted to the Commission of the African Union.

这份教育部门规划性文件的最后完成尚需照顾到非洲大陆北部地区的利益,此后将提交给 非洲联盟委员会。


13. therein

Therein means in or into that place,time,or thing(在那里,在其中)

例句:

A certificate of the Borrower shall, substantially, comply with the form set forth in Appendix 4, and the attachments specified therein.

借款人证明书,其格式基本上应遵照附录4及其附件规定的格式。


14. thereinafter

Thereinafter means in the following part of that matter (as writing, document, or speech).(在下文)

例句:

These conditions are presented in the text of "Talks" thereinafter more in detail.

这些情形是更多出现在原文的以下“报告”细节里。


15. thereof

Thereof means of that.(其,在其中,关于那)

例句:

When the Buyer is entitled to determine the time within a specified period and /or the place of taking delivery, the Buyer in question shall give the Seller the notice thereof.

买方有权确定在规定期限内提取货物的时间和/或地点时,应将有关信息通知卖方。


16. thereto

to that(此外,在其上)

例句:

No one may invoke the provisions of this Convention in order to infringe human rights and fundamental freedoms as enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights or guaranteed by international law, or to limit the scope thereof.

任何人都不得援引本公约的规定侵犯《世界人权宣言》规定的或受到国际法保障的人权和基本自由或限制其适用范围。


17. thereunder

Thereunder means under that part of a contract.(在其下,按规定条款)

例句:

The Borrower fails to pay amount payable thereunder as amount shall become payable.

借款人未能支付根据该协议规定到期应付的款项。


18. therewith

Therewith means with that.(与此)

例句:

I therewith withdraw my complaints.

我同时撤回我的投诉。


19. whereby

Whereby means by which.(凭此,由此)

例句:

All Member States favoured retaining the approach whereby there would be one principal priority for each major programme and a limited number of “other” priorities.

所有会员国都赞同保留这种做法,即每一个重大计划中有一个主要优先事项和少量“其它”优先事项。


20. wherein

Wherein means in which.(在那方面)

例句:

Adequate housing is possible in developed, mixed economies wherein the interests of the poor have prevailed.

在发达的混合经济体中,充足的房源供给是可能的,在那里贫困阶层的利益较有保障。


21. whereof

Whereof means of which.(其中,有关的)

例句:

A contract made by an urban council, whereof the value and amount exceed X50, must be under seal, and certain other formalities must be observed.

由市政厅签署的合同,若其中涉及的金额和数量超过50倍,则须盖章并履行其他手续。

发布于 2020-06-03 13:58:45
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