Promise允诺

A promise is a manifestation of intention to act or refrain from acting in a specified way, so made as to justify a promisee in understanding that a commitment has been made.

允诺就是以特定方式实施或禁止实施某种行为的意思表示，这种意思表示使受允诺人正当地认为一个允诺已经作出。

Promisor允诺人

The person manifesting the intention is the promisor.

作出该意思表示的人是允诺人

Promisee受允诺人

The person to whom the manifestation is addressed is the promisee.

该意思表示所指向的人为受允诺人。

Beneficiary受益人

Where performance will benefits a person other than the promisee, that person is beneficiary.

如果该允诺的履行使除受允诺人之外的他人获利，则该人为受益人

参考双语例句：

A promise conditional on a performance by the promisor is a promise of alternative performances within 77 unless occurrence of the condition is also promised. 

以诺言人的某一履行为条件的诺言，为第77条规定的选择履行，条件的出现也是诺言内容的除外。

It is a remedial response to protect the interests of the promisee, it is also the most basic, most important and general liability for breach of contract. 

它是充分保护受害方利益的一种补救方式，也是最基本、最重要、最常用的违约责任形式。

This approach is derived from that contained in the 1908 Evidence Act, New Zealand, Section 20 as substituted by Section 3 of the Evidence Amendment Act 1950 which provides that "a confession tendered in evidence in criminal proceedings shall not be rejected on the ground that a promise or threat or any other inducement (not being the exercise of violence or force or other form of compulsion) has been held out 46 or exercised upon the person confessing if the judge or other presiding officer is satisfied that the means by which the confession was obtained were not in fact likely to cause an untrue admission of guilt to be made.

此做法源于新西兰的《1908年证据法令》（Evidence Act 1908）第20条所载的规定，该条已由《1950年证据（修订）法令》（Evidence Amendment Act 1950）第3条取代，而后者订明‚如果法官或其他审裁官信纳取得供认的手段，事实上不可能导致作出供认者虚假地承认自己有罪，则不得以曾有允诺或恐吓或任何其他诱因（并非施以暴力、武力或其他形式的逼迫）作出或施加于作出供认者为理由，不接纳在刑事法律程序中提出以作为证据的供认。