当地时间27日上午，The Supreme Court of British Columbia （加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚 高等法院，又译卑诗省高等法院）公布了华为高管孟晚舟案的第一个判决结果，裁定孟晚舟符合“双重犯罪”（double criminality）的引渡（extradition）标准。

这一判决结果对孟晚舟一方不利，它意味着引渡流程将持续进行，而孟晚舟有上诉权利。

究竟何为“双重犯罪”?

Double Criminality

Double criminality is a crime punished in both the country where a suspect is being held and a country asking for the suspect to be handed over or transferred to stand trial. It is also known asdual criminality.

Double criminality is a requirement in extradition proceduresas extradition is allowed only for offenses alleged as crimes in both jurisdictions.

For purposes of determining double criminality in an international extradition case, the court must look to proscription by similar criminal provisions of federal law or, if none, the law of the place where the petitioner is found or, if none, the law of the preponderance of the states.

A broad interpretation of the requirement of dual criminality is followed:

The law does not require that the name by which the crime is described in the two countries shall be the same, nor that the scope of the liability shall be coextensive, or, in other respects, the same in the two countries.

It is enough if the particular act charged is criminal in both jurisdictions. The fact that a particular act is classified differently or that different requirements of proof are applicable in the two countries does not defeat extradition.

In an international extradition case, it is not essential that the two statutes be perfectly harmonious for the purpose of double criminality. Double criminality exists if the necessary character of the criminal acts of each country is same and if the laws are substantially similar.

It is a fundamental requirement of international extraditionthat the crime for which extradition is sought be one provided for by the treaty between the requesting and the requested nation. The second determination is whether the conduct is illegal in both countries.

华为方面对加拿大高等法院的裁决表示失望，并表示将继续支持孟晚舟。“我们期望加拿大司法系统最终会证明孟女士是无辜的。”

孟晚舟的首席辩护律师理查德·贝克（Richard Peck）在庭审时表示，加拿大等同于被要求“实施美国的制裁”。

然而主审法官霍姆斯（Heather Holmes）称，如果孟方律师的观点得到法庭支持，“将极大限制加拿大在引渡诈欺和其他经济罪行方面担起国际责任”。霍姆斯发布一份 数十页的裁决书，内容指出孟晚舟的犯罪行为构成诈欺。 【点击“阅读原文”查看裁决原文，提取码7l42】

自孟晚舟2018年12月在加拿大温哥华机场被捕以来，案件掀起中美加关系震荡。

加拿大此前应美国要求将她扣押，美国指控她与华为违反美国对伊朗制裁，涉嫌银行诈欺，要求将孟引渡到美国。孟晚舟与华为均否认指控。

根据加拿大《引渡法》和美加引渡协议，引渡人涉嫌的罪行需两国都认定为犯罪行为，才符合引渡条件，即“双重犯罪”。

孟晚舟的辩护团队主张，加拿大没有对伊朗实施制裁，美国控告孟晚舟的罪名在加拿大并不构成犯罪，因而不符合引渡的双重犯罪原则。

据报道，孟晚舟案在法院裁定合乎“双重犯罪”的标准后，将于6月15日开庭进入第二阶段。专家认为，到时候控辩两方将针对孟晚舟在温哥华机场被捕期间，加拿大宪法所保障的权利是否有遭到侵犯。

本次裁决只是一个十分漫长流程的开头炮，我们相信正义最终会降临~

(文章来源：法平教育)