在广袤的金融领域里，有时会听到一些与动物有关的术语，不仅帮助人们更好地理解和记忆金融概念，而且也使金融市场的沟通更加有趣和形象化。不妨一起进入这片丛林，探寻其中的“动物”。

 

首先，我们要认识两位“巨兽”——牛和熊。在金融市场中，牛市代表着上升的市场趋势，仿佛一头气势汹汹的牛正在猛冲；而熊市则意味着市场在下跌，犹如一头熊在潜伏。

 

1. 牛市，英文表达Bull Market，当市场呈上升趋势时，我们称之为“牛市”。

 

A bull market is the condition of a financial market in which prices are rising or are expected to rise. The term "bull market" is most often used to refer to the stock market but can be applied to anything that is traded, such as bonds, real estate, currencies, and commodities.

 

 

2. 熊市，英文表达Bear Market，与牛市相反，当市场呈下降趋势时，我们称之为“熊市”。

 

A bear market is when a market experiences prolonged price declines. It typically describes a condition in which securities prices fall 20% or more from recent highs amid widespread pessimism and negative investor sentiment.

 

 

中央银行的决策者们，有时被比作空中飞翔的鹰和和平的鸽。鹰派代表着对抗通货膨胀的强硬态度，他们高高在上，锐利的目光注视着市场的每一个动态；而鸽派则更加稳重，宁愿看到更低的利率来促进经济增长。

 

3. 鹰，英文表达Hawk，鹰和鸽这两个词通常用于描述中央银行的货币政策立场。鹰代表强硬派，支持更高的利率。

 

An inflation hawk, also known in economic jargon as a hawk, is a policymaker or advisor who is predominantly concerned with the potential impact of interest rates as they relate to monetary policy.

 

4. 鸽，英文表达Dove，鸽则代表温和派，支持较低的利率。

 

A dove is an economic policy advisor who promotes monetary policies that usually involve low interest rates. Doves tend to support low interest rates and an expansionary monetary policy because they value indicators like low unemployment over keeping inflation low. If an economist suggests that inflation has few negative effects or calls for quantitative easing, then they are called a dove or labeled as dovish.

 

在这片丛林中，还有一些小动物也发挥着重要的作用。比如那些盲目跟随市场的投资者，他们如同一群羊，总是随大流。而追求超高回报的贪婪投资者，则被形象地称为猪。

 

5. 羊

 

羊，英文表达Sheep，形容那些盲目跟随大众或市场趋势的投资者。

 

Sheep is a pejorative term for an investor who lacks discipline and whose trading strategy is unfocused and predicated on the suggestions of others, like friends, family, and purported financial gurus. Rather than following their own research and due diligence, a sheep mindlessly follows the herd, chasing trends and making uninformed trades.

 

6. 猪

 

猪，英文表达Pig，用来形容那些贪婪的投资者，他们追求超高的回报，但往往冒着超高的风险。

 

"Pig" is an old slang term for an investor who is seen as greedy, having forgotten their original investment strategy to focus on securing unrealistic future gains. After experiencing a gain, these investors often have very high expectations about the future prospects of the investment and, therefore, do not sell their position to realize the gain.

 

然而，在这片金融丛林中，不是所有的动态都是积极的。有时，市场会经历一段短暂的反弹，这可能是一种误导，被称为死猫反弹。这个词汇生动地描绘了市场的这种短暂反弹：即使是死猫掉到地上，也会有一些反弹，但这并不意味着它仍然有生命。这片金融丛林无情而又充满机会，为那些勇敢、机警和富有策略的人们提供了无限的可能，但同时也对那些犯下错误的跛脚鸭毫不留情。

 

7. 死猫反弹，英文表达Dead Cat Bounce，指在一段长时间的下跌之后的短暂反弹。这个术语暗示即使是死猫从高处落下也会有一些反弹，但这并不意味着它还活着。

 

A dead cat bounce is a temporary, short-lived recovery of asset prices from a prolonged decline or a bear market that is followed by the continuation of the downtrend. Frequently, downtrends are interrupted by brief periods of recovery—or small rallies—during which prices temporarily rise.

 

8. 跛脚鸭，英文表达Lame Duck，指的是一个失去了再选权或不再寻求连任的政治领导人。在金融市场中，它可以指的是一个无法履行合同义务的交易者。

 

Lame duck is an out-of-use British term used with reference to a trader who had defaulted on their obligations or gone bankrupt due to an inability to cover trading losses.

 

此外，金融市场上还有一些其他动物形象的术语，如拥有大量资产的投资者被称为鲸鱼，昂贵但无利可图的投资则被称作白象。

 

9. 鲸鱼，英文表达Whale，在加密货币和股票市场中，指的是拥有大量资产或股份的投资者或机构。

 

A whale is someone who holds a large amount of a specific type of cryptocurrency. It could also mean someone who owns large amounts of several types.

 

10. 白象，英文表达White elephant，指的是一项昂贵且无法带来预期利润的投资。

 

A white elephant is something whose cost of upkeep is not in line with its usefulness or value. From an investment perspective, the term refers to an asset, property, or business that is so expensive to operate and maintain that it is extremely difficult to actually make a profit from it.

 

 

 

参考

1. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bullmarket.asp

2. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bearmarket.asp

3. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hawk.asp

4. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dove.asp

5. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sheep.asp

6. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/pig.asp

7. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/deadcatbounce.asp

8. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/lameduck.asp

9. https://www.investopedia.com/are-bitcoin-whales-back-5093067

10. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/whiteelephant.asp