中英对照

第一百零七条　当事人一方不履行合同义务或者履行合同义务不符合约定的，应当承担继续履行、采取补救措施或者赔偿损失等违约责任。

Article 107  Either party that fails to perform its obligations under the contract or fails to perform them as contracted shall bear the liability for breach of contract by continuing to perform the obligations, taking remedial measures, or compensating for losses.

第一百零八条　当事人一方明确表示或者以自己的行为表明不履行合同义务的，对方可以在履行期限届满之前要求其承担违约责任。

Article 108 If either party explicitly expresses or indicates by act its intention not to perform its obligations under the contract, the other party may, before the expiration of the period of fulfillment, demand that the party in question bear the liability for breach of contract.

第一百零九条 当事人一方未支付价款或者报酬的，对方可以要求其支付价款或者报酬。

Article 109 If either party fails to pay charges or remuneration, the other party may demand the payment.

第一百一十条　当事人一方不履行非金钱债务或者履行非金钱债务不符合约定的，对方可以要求履行，但有下列情形之一的除外：

（一）法律上或者事实上不能履行；

（二）债务的标的不适于强制履行或者履行费用过高；

（三）债权人在合理期限内未要求履行。

Article 110 If either party fails to discharge non-pecuniary debt or fails to discharge non-pecuniary debt as contracted, the other party may demand the discharge, except in any of the following situations:

(1) legally or practically the discharge is impossible;

(2) the targeted matter of the debt is unsuitable for a compulsory discharge or too expensive for the discharge; or

(3) the creditor does not demand the discharge within a reasonable period of time.

第一百一十一条　质量不符合约定的，应当按照当事人的约定承担违约责任。对违约责任没有约定或者约定不明确，依照本法第六十一条的规定仍不能确定的，受损害方根据标的的性质以及损失的大小，可以合理选择要求对方承担修理、更换、重作、退货、减少价款或者报酬等违约责任。

Article 111 If the quality fails to meet the agreed requirements, liability for breach of contract shall be borne in accordance with the agreement between the parties. If the liability for breach of contract is not stipulated or is  not clearly stipulated, nor can it be determined pursuant to the provisions  of Article 61 of this Law, the party suffering the loss may, with reference to the nature of the targeted matter and the degree of the loss, choose in a reasonable manner to demand that the other party bear the liability for breach of contract in such form as repair, replacement, redoing, return of the targeted matter, discount in payment or remuneration.

第一百一十二条　当事人一方不履行合同义务或者履行合同义务不符合约定的，在履行义务或者采取补救措施后，对方还有其他损失的，应当赔偿损失。

Article 112   Where either party fails to perform its obligations under the contract or does not perform its obligations as contracted, and losses are still caused to the other party after the performance of obligations or the adoption of remedial measures, the party in fault shall compensate for the losses.

第一百一十三条　当事人一方不履行合同义务或者履行合同义务不符合约定，给对方造成损失的，损失赔偿额应当相当于因违约所造成的损失，包括合同履行后可以获得的利益，但不得超过违反合同一方订立合同时预见到或者应当预见到的因违反合同可能造成的损失。经营者对消费者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，依照《中华人民共和国消费者权益保护法》的规定承担损害赔偿责任。

Article 113 If either party fails to perform its obligations under the contract or does not perform its obligations as contracted and thus causes losses to the other party, the amount of compensation for the loss shall be equivalent to the loss actually caused by the breach of contract and shall include the profit obtainable after the performance of the contract, but shall not  exceed the sum of the loss that might be caused by a breach of contract and has been anticipated or ought to be anticipated by the breaching party in the making of the contract.

A business operator who practices fraud in providing commodities or services to consumers shall undertake to compensate for the damage in accordance with the provisions of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Consumers' Rights and Interests.

法律解读

第107至113条是“合同解除”制度，以上7条分别规定了：

1.违约定义（不履行+履行不符合约定）

2.违约常见责任（3类：继续履行、补救措施、赔偿损失+等）

3.事前违约的救济时间（履行期限届满前）

4.付款义务违约责任（继续履行）

5.非金钱义务违约责任（原则：继续履行+例外：3情形）

6.质量瑕疵的违约责任（补救措施：修理、更换、重作、退货、减少价款或者报酬+等6类）

7.赔偿损失的适用情形（继续履行、补救措施后，仍然不足以弥补损失）

8.赔偿损失中“损失”的界定（“直接损失”+“间接损失”，请参考《违约责任中的“直接损失”与“间接损失”》一文）——补偿性赔偿

9.惩罚性赔偿适用条件（《消费者权益保护法》“欺诈”行为）

特别说明：违约责任条款是《合同法》重要制度，法律条款背后蕴藏深厚法理，读懂法条要能透视法条表面含义的“言外之意”，尤其要注意：该法律规则是强行性规则还是任意性规则？什么叫“违约”？违约有什么“责任”？法定的责任履行有无次序之分？赔偿损失与继续履行、补救措施是并列补充关系还是选择关系？赔偿损失中，“损失”如何界定？“直接损失”与“间接损失”非我国法律术语，如何定义？补偿性赔偿与惩罚性赔偿二则关系与使用范围如何？

法言法语

1.继续履行、补救措施、赔偿损失。continue to perform the obligations, take remedial measures, or compensate for losses,这是我国合同法规定的三大违约救济措施，注意和普通法系救济措施区别。

2.违约责任。liability for breach of contract没有争议，使用default liability或者default relief measures也行。

3.非金钱债务。Non-pecuniary debt或者non-monetary debt。Pecuniary意为 relating to or involving money。

4.修理、更换、重作、退货、减少价款或者报酬。repair, replacement, redoing, return of the targeted matter, discount in payment or remuneration.

5.直接损失、间接损失。请参阅下文In no event  shall A be held liable by B for any loss of profit, loss of savings,  loss of financing, loss of data or any indirect, incidental, special or consequential losses or damages arising from or in connection with its performance or non-performance under this Agreement and whether based upon contract, tort, or any other legal theory, unless such liability was caused by the A’s Wilful Default or Gross Negligence。

关键词汇

1. continue to perform the obligations, take remedial measures, or compensate for losses

2. liability for breach of contract，default  liability，default relief measures

3. non-pecuniary debt，non-monetary debt

4. repair, replacement, redoing, return of the targeted matter, discount in payment or remuneration

5. indirect, incidental, special or consequential losses or damages

（文章来源：实务法律英语公众号）