普通英语中,issue常见的意思为“问题;发行”等,在法律英语issue更为常用,意思也很更加丰富,可做动词,也可做名词。
1. 作动词
①颁布(法律、法令);
②签发(令状、传票及诉讼中的各种命令);
③发行(证券),签发(票据);出生,收益”。
2. 作名词
①争议点,即诉讼中双方当事人之间关于事实法律的争议事项或问题。
争议点可以从当事人的诉求和答辩中推断出来,当一方当事人肯定某一法律事项,而另一方予以否定,且在以后的诉答中当事人未能有所补充时,当事人即成为争议双方(parties at issue),由此引出的争议事项即成为争议点。
②子女,该词通常具有特定含义,与直系亲属同义。
例1 If the insurer does not deem a contingency as insured liability after receiving the claims for compensation or insurance money from the insured or beneficiaries, the insurer shall issue a notice to insured or beneficiaries of the refusal of the claim.
[参考译文]保险人收到被保险人或者受益人的赔偿或者给付保险金的请求后,对不属于保险责任的,应当向被保险.人或者受益人发出拒绝赔偿或者拒绝给付保险金通知书。
例2 The insurance policies issued according to the contract that makes death as the conditions for payment of proceeds shall not be transferred or used as mortgage without the written approval of the insured.
[参考译文]依照以死亡为给付保险金条件的合同所签发的保险单,未经被保险人书面同意,不得转让或者质押。
例3 If the establishment of an insurance company is approved, the department of approval shall issue the permit for insurance operation.
[参考译文] 经批准设立的保险公司,由批准部门颁发经营保险业务许可证。
例4 Whereas an arbitration tribunal deems it necessary to have the specialized issues appraised, it may submit them to the appraisal department chosen by the parties concerned by agreement.
[参考译文] 仲裁庭对专门性问题认为需要鉴定的,可以交由当事人约定的鉴定部门鉴定。
例5 The people's courts shall conduct hearings and issue legal documents in the spoken and written languages commonly used by the local nationalities.
[参考译文] 人民法院应当用当地民族通用的语言、文字进行审理和发布法律文书。
此外,issue 常见的搭配有:
issue at law:法律上的争议点,基于申请或者法律抗辩产生的法律问题;
issue by marriage:婚生子女;
issue of fact:事实上的争议点,指一方当事人在诉状中所主张但为他方所反驳,且必须通过法院的判决来解失的事实争议;
issue preclusion:争议点阻却,指同一争议点一经法院判决后,产生既定力,除非判决本身被撤销,不得再作争议。
以上参考《法律英语核心词汇:实务基础》(屈文生)