了解火险中的“friendly fire”和“hostile fire”

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在美国,火灾保险(Fire Insurance)中,对于火灾的构成要件并无统一的界定。美国法律将火分为“友善之火”(friendly fire)与“敌意之火”(unfriendly fire; hostile fire)。

友善之火是指为一定目的而故意在一定范围内点燃并燃烧的有用之火,如火炉内的火;敌意之火是指越出正常范围或在不该燃烧的地方燃烧的火。敌意之火被认为是火灾的构成要件之一,友善之火则不然,如保险标的物意外落入火炉而遭烧燬或损坏,属友善之火所致,不构成保险责任。但是,友善之火超出其正常范围则会转变为敌意之火,如点燃香烟之火为友善之火,但点燃的香烟落在地毯上将地毯烧破或引致地毯燃烧,友善之火即转变为敌意之火,构成保险责任。

在我国,火灾保险承保的保险责任通常包括:1.火灾及相关危险;2.各种自然灾害;3.有关意外事故;4.施救费用。保险人在经营火灾保险时,亦有如下除外不保风险:1.战争、军事行动或暴力行为、政治恐怖活动;2.核子污染;3.被保险人的故意行为;4.各种间接损失;5.因保险标的本身缺陷、保管不善而致的损失,以及变质、霉烂、受潮及自然磨损等。

参考例句:To carry on business as financiers, financial agents, capitalists, underwriters, (but not in respect of life, marine or fire insurance), concessionaires and brokers and to undertake and carry on and execute all kinds of financial, commercial, trading and other operations; to receive money or valuables on deposit at interest and/or upon such other terms as may be thought fit and to carry on all or any of the activities of a banker.

作为金融家、金融代理、资本家、承保人(不包括人寿海事或火灾保险)特许经销商及经纪进行业务,并从事及经营及执行所有類别的金融、商业贸易及其他业务;接纳存放款项或贵重物品并支付利息及/或授予其认为合适的其他条款以及进行所有或任何银行家的业务。

As far as I know, the industry provides home owners with various kinds of insurance such as fire insurance, insurance against risks and incidents that may arise during maintenance of buildings as well as short-term and long-term insurance.

据我所知,业界是有向业主提供多种保险的,例如火险风险,或是在楼宇进行维修时所可能引起的事故等,而且还分别有短期及长期的保险。

发布于 2022-01-24 17:13:44
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