不断做强做优做大我国数字经济※

Building Up the Strength, Quality, and Size of China’s Digital Economy*

 

习近平

Xi Jinping

 

近年来，互联网、大数据、云计算、人工智能、区块链等技术加速创新，日益融入经济社会发展各领域全过程，各国竞相制定数字经济发展战略、出台鼓励政策，数字经济发展速度之快、辐射范围之广、影响程度之深前所未有，正在成为重组全球要素资源、重塑全球经济结构、改变全球竞争格局的关键力量。

 

In recent years, technologies associated with the Internet, big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence (AI), and blockchain have seen accelerated innovation and gradual integration into all aspects of economic and social development. Countries around the world have rushed to produce development strategies for the digital economy and unveiled related incentive policies. The speed of the digital economy’s development, the extent of its reach, and the level of its impact are unprecedented; and it is fast becoming a critical force that is reordering global production factors, reshaping global economic structures, and transforming global competition. 

 

长期以来，我一直重视发展数字技术、数字经济。2000年我在福建工作期间就提出建设“数字福建”，2003年在浙江工作期间又提出建设“数字浙江”。党的十八大以来，我多次强调要发展数字经济。2016年在十八届中央政治局第三十六次集体学习时强调要做大做强数字经济、拓展经济发展新空间；同年在二十国集团领导人杭州峰会上首次提出发展数字经济的倡议，得到各国领导人和企业家的普遍认同；2017年在十九届中央政治局第二次集体学习时强调要加快建设数字中国，构建以数据为关键要素的数字经济，推动实体经济和数字经济融合发展；2018年在中央经济工作会议上强调要加快5G、人工智能、工业互联网等新型基础设施建设；2021年在致世界互联网大会乌镇峰会的贺信中指出，要激发数字经济活力，增强数字政府效能，优化数字社会环境，构建数字合作格局，筑牢数字安全屏障，让数字文明造福各国人民。

 

I myself have been paying close attention to the development of digital technologies and the digital economy for a long time now. In 2000, when I was working in Fujian Province, I put forward the “Digital Fujian” initiative, and I also proposed the development of a “Digital Zhejiang” in 2003 when I worked in Zhejiang Province. Since our Party’s 18th National Congress, I have emphasized the importance of developing the digital economy on many occasions. At the 36th group study session of the Political Bureau of the 18th Central Committee in 2016, I stressed the need to strengthen and expand China’s digital economy to unlock new economic development potential. At the G20 Summit in Hangzhou in the same year, I put forward, for the first time, a proposal to develop the digital economy, which won widespread support among leaders and entrepreneurs at the Summit. At the second group study session of the Political Bureau of the 19th Central Committee in 2017, I stated that we needed to accelerate the development of a digital China, build a digital economy with data as a key factor, and boost integrated development of the real and digital economies. I noted that we needed to accelerate the development of new types of infrastructure like 5G mobile communications, AI, and the industrial Internet at the 2018 Central Economic Work Conference. In my congratulatory letter to the 2021 World Internet Conference (WIC) Wuzhen Summit, I stated that we needed to stimulate the vitality of the digital economy, enhance the efficiency of digital government, improve the environment for a digital society, set up frameworks for digital cooperation, build strong digital security shields, and let digital advancement benefit people of all countries.

 

党的十八大以来，党中央高度重视发展数字经济，将其上升为国家战略。党的十八届五中全会提出，实施网络强国战略和国家大数据战略，拓展网络经济空间，促进互联网和经济社会融合发展，支持基于互联网的各类创新。党的十九大提出，推动互联网、大数据、人工智能和实体经济深度融合，建设数字中国、智慧社会。党的十九届五中全会提出，发展数字经济，推进数字产业化和产业数字化，推动数字经济和实体经济深度融合，打造具有国际竞争力的数字产业集群。我们出台了《网络强国战略实施纲要》、《数字经济发展战略纲要》，从国家层面部署推动数字经济发展。这些年来，我国数字经济发展较快、成就显著。根据2021全球数字经济大会的数据，我国数字经济规模已经连续多年位居世界第二。特别是新冠肺炎疫情暴发以来，数字技术、数字经济在支持抗击新冠肺炎疫情、恢复生产生活方面发挥了重要作用。

 

Since our Party’s 18th National Congress, the central leadership has given high priority to developing the digital economy and has elevated its development to a national strategy. At the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, we proposed to implement national strategies for cyber development and big data, and to expand the Internet economy, bolster integrated Internet and socio-economic development, and support all forms of Internet-based innovation. At our Party’s 19th National Congress, we proposed to further integrate the Internet, big data, and AI with the real economy, and to build a digital China and a smart society. At the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, we proposed to develop a digital economy, to industrialize digital systems and digitalize industry, to achieve full integration between the digital and real economies, and to build internationally competitive digital industry clusters. We have published the Outline of the National Cyber Development Strategy and the Digital Economy Development Strategy, so as to plan the development of the digital economy at the national level. Over the past few years, China’s digital economy has grown rapidly and has produced notable achievements. According to statistics from the 2021 Global Digital Economy Conference, China’s digital economy has been the second-largest in the world for several years running. Since the outbreak of Covid-19 in particular, digital technologies and the digital economy have played an important role in the fight against the epidemic and the return to normal work and life routines.

 

同时，我们要看到，同世界数字经济大国、强国相比，我国数字经济大而不强、快而不优。还要看到，我国数字经济在快速发展中也出现了一些不健康、不规范的苗头和趋势，这些问题不仅影响数字经济健康发展，而且违反法律法规、对国家经济金融安全构成威胁，必须坚决纠正和治理。

 

We should, however, also be aware that when compared with the world’s major digital players and powerhouses, China’s digital economy, while large in size, is not yet strong enough, and though growing quickly, is not yet competitive enough. We must also recognize that while enjoying a spell of rapid growth, the shoots of some unhealthy and irregular trends have emerged in the digital economy. These problems have not only affected the sound growth of our digital economy, but have also run counter to our laws and regulations, posing a threat to our national economic and financial security. Therefore, these problems must be resolutely addressed.

 

综合判断，发展数字经济意义重大，是把握新一轮科技革命和产业变革新机遇的战略选择。一是数字经济健康发展，有利于推动构建新发展格局。构建新发展格局的重要任务是增强经济发展动能、畅通经济循环。数字技术、数字经济可以推动各类资源要素快捷流动、各类市场主体加速融合，帮助市场主体重构组织模式，实现跨界发展，打破时空限制，延伸产业链条，畅通国内外经济循环。二是数字经济健康发展，有利于推动建设现代化经济体系。数据作为新型生产要素，对传统生产方式变革具有重大影响。数字经济具有高创新性、强渗透性、广覆盖性，不仅是新的经济增长点，而且是改造提升传统产业的支点，可以成为构建现代化经济体系的重要引擎。三是数字经济健康发展，有利于推动构筑国家竞争新优势。当今时代，数字技术、数字经济是世界科技革命和产业变革的先机，是新一轮国际竞争重点领域，我们一定要抓住先机、抢占未来发展制高点。

 

Generally speaking, developing the digital economy is greatly significant because it represents a strategic choice to seize the opportunities presented by the latest round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation. 

 

I. Sound development of the digital economy will help us create a new development dynamic. 

 

The major tasks in creating a new development dynamic are to strengthen the economy’s growth drivers and facilitate economic flows. Digital technology and the digital economy will create faster flows of resources and other production factors. They will accelerate integration between various market entities and facilitate organizational restructuring in market entities, and they will help realize cross-boundary development, break down the limitations of time and space, extend industry chains, and enhance positive interplay between domestic and international economic flows. 

 

II. Sound development of the digital economy will help modernize our economic system. 

 

As a new production factor, data will exert a major influence in the transformation of traditional production modes. The digital economy has a high level of innovation, a strong tendency to permeate other sectors, and an extensive reach. It is not only a new growth driver but a fulcrum of transformation and upgrading in traditional industry, and it has the potential to become an important engine of economic modernization. 

 

III. Sound development of the digital economy will help us develop new strengths for international competition. 

 

At present, digital technology and the digital economy represent not only a decisive opportunity in the scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, but also a major field of international competition. We must grasp the opportunities on offer and seize the initiative for future development. 

 

面向未来，我们要站在统筹中华民族伟大复兴战略全局和世界百年未有之大变局的高度，统筹国内国际两个大局、发展安全两件大事，充分发挥海量数据和丰富应用场景优势，促进数字技术和实体经济深度融合，赋能传统产业转型升级，催生新产业新业态新模式，不断做强做优做大我国数字经济。

 

Keeping in mind the larger strategic picture of national rejuvenation and the once-in-a-century changes occurring in the world, and giving full consideration to our domestic and international imperatives and our development and security needs, we should give full rein to China’s vast data troves and rich range of fields of application in order to firmly embed digital technology in the real economy, enable the upgrading and transformation of traditional industry, foster new industries, new business forms and new business models, and build up the strength, quality and size of China’s digital economy. 

 

第一，加强关键核心技术攻关。要牵住数字关键核心技术自主创新这个“牛鼻子”，发挥我国社会主义制度优势、新型举国体制优势、超大规模市场优势，提高数字技术基础研发能力，打好关键核心技术攻坚战，尽快实现高水平自立自强，把发展数字经济自主权牢牢掌握在自己手中。

 

First, we should intensify research on key technologies. 

 

We need to focus on the key task of independently driven innovation in core digital technologies, and fully leverage the advantages of our socialist system, the new nationwide system for mobilizing resources, and China’s vast market. We should enhance our basic capacity for digital technology R&D, develop key technological breakthroughs, build our country’s capability and self-reliance in science and technology, and make sure that we keep the initiative to develop the digital economy firmly in our hands. 

 

第二，加快新型基础设施建设。要加强战略布局，加快建设以5G网络、全国一体化数据中心体系、国家产业互联网等为抓手的高速泛在、天地一体、云网融合、智能敏捷、绿色低碳、安全可控的智能化综合性数字信息基础设施，打通经济社会发展的信息“大动脉”。要全面推进产业化、规模化应用，培育具有国际影响力的大型软件企业，重点突破关键软件，推动软件产业做大做强，提升关键软件技术创新和供给能力。

 

Second, we should accelerate the development of new infrastructure. 

 

We need to improve strategic planning to accelerate the development of high-speed and ubiquitous, smart and low-carbon, secure and controllable digital information infrastructure based on integrated space-terrestrial networks and cloud-network integration, with the 5G network, the nationwide system of integrated data centers, and the national industrial Internet serving as key pillars. This will enable us to get the “informational arteries” of economic and social development flowing. We should also promote industrial and large-scale applications of software, develop large software enterprises with international influence, and work to make key software breakthroughs, to turn our software industry stronger and larger and grow our innovation and supply capacities for key software technology. 

 

第三，推动数字经济和实体经济融合发展。要把握数字化、网络化、智能化方向，推动制造业、服务业、农业等产业数字化，利用互联网新技术对传统产业进行全方位、全链条的改造，提高全要素生产率，发挥数字技术对经济发展的放大、叠加、倍增作用。要推动互联网、大数据、人工智能同产业深度融合，加快培育一批“专精特新”企业和制造业单项冠军企业。当然，要脚踏实地、因企制宜，不能为数字化而数字化。

 

Third, we should promote integration of the digital and real economies. 

 

We should embrace digital, networking, and smart-technology trends to drive digitalization in manufacturing, services, and agriculture and harness the latest Internet technologies to effect a root-and-branch transformation of traditional industry, so as to boost total factor productivity and fully tap the potential for amplification, layering, and exponential growth offered by digital technologies. We must achieve full integration of the Internet, big data, and AI with industry, develop a group of specialized and sophisticated technology enterprises producing unique and novel products, and cultivate single-product enterprise champions in manufacturing. Of course, we must also keep our feet firmly on the ground and develop enterprises based on their specific conditions – digitalization should not be undertaken just for its own sake. 

 

第四，推进重点领域数字产业发展。要聚焦战略前沿和制高点领域，立足重大技术突破和重大发展需求，增强产业链关键环节竞争力，完善重点产业供应链体系，加速产品和服务迭代。要聚焦集成电路、新型显示、通信设备、智能硬件等重点领域，加快锻造长板、补齐短板，培育一批具有国际竞争力的大企业和具有产业链控制力的生态主导型企业，构建自主可控产业生态。要促进集群化发展，打造世界级数字产业集群。

 

Fourth, we should promote the development of digital industries in key areas. 

 

Focusing on strategic frontiers and key arenas of competition, and keeping in mind the need to make major technological breakthroughs and meet major development needs, we should boost the competitiveness of key links in the industrial chain, improve supply chain systems in key industries, and accelerate the upgrading of products and services. With a focus on integrated circuits, new display technologies, communication devices, and intelligent hardware, we should address weaknesses and cultivate strengths, and foster internationally competitive enterprises and enterprises with the leverage to guide whole industrial chains, in order to develop a well-controlled industrial ecology. We should also make efforts to build world-class digital industry clusters. 

 

第五，规范数字经济发展。推动数字经济健康发展，要坚持促进发展和监管规范两手抓、两手都要硬，在发展中规范、在规范中发展。要健全市场准入制度、公平竞争审查制度、公平竞争监管制度，建立全方位、多层次、立体化监管体系，实现事前事中事后全链条全领域监管，堵塞监管漏洞，提高监管效能。要纠正和规范发展过程中损害群众利益、妨碍公平竞争的行为和做法，防止平台垄断和资本无序扩张，依法查处垄断和不正当竞争行为。要保护平台从业人员和消费者合法权益。要加强税收监管和税务稽查。

 

Fifth, we should regulate the development of the digital economy.

 

To ensure sound digital economy development, we must put equal emphasis on development and regulation and ensure that each facilitates the other. We should improve the systems for market access, fair competition review, and fair competition regulation, and develop a comprehensive, tiered, and multifaceted regulatory system to provide oversight at all stages from beginning to end. We need to close loopholes and enhance the efficacy of regulation. We should redress conduct and methods that hurt the people’s interests and impede fair competition, guard against platform monopolies and unregulated expansion of capital, and crack down on monopolistic practices and unfair competition in accordance with the law. We must protect the legitimate rights and interests of personnel employed by platforms and consumers on platforms, and strengthen tax regulation and inspection. 

 

第六，完善数字经济治理体系。要健全法律法规和政策制度，完善体制机制，提高我国数字经济治理体系和治理能力现代化水平。要完善主管部门、监管机构职责，分工合作、相互配合。要改进提高监管技术和手段，把监管和治理贯穿创新、生产、经营、投资全过程。要明确平台企业主体责任和义务，建设行业自律机制。要开展社会监督、媒体监督、公众监督，形成监督合力。要完善国家安全制度体系，重点加强数字经济安全风险预警、防控机制和能力建设，实现核心技术、重要产业、关键设施、战略资源、重大科技、头部企业等安全可控。要加强数字经济发展的理论研究。

 

Sixth, we should improve the governance system for the digital economy. 

 

We should improve relevant laws, regulations, policies, and mechanisms, and modernize our system and capacity for governing the digital economy. The respective duties of competent agencies and regulators should be refined to facilitate a division of labor and mutual cooperation. We should improve regulatory technologies and tools, and ensure regulation and governance throughout the processes of innovation, production, operation, and investment. We must clearly define the responsibilities and obligations of platform enterprises, and develop systems for industry self-regulation. Social oversight, media oversight, and public oversight should also be brought into play in order to generate synergies. We should improve national security systems with a focus on strengthening early-warning, prevention, and control mechanisms for security risks in the digital economy and promoting capacity-building in this regard. We must ensure key areas including core technologies, important industries, key infrastructure, strategic resources, major science and technology projects, and leading enterprises are secure and well-controlled. Steps should also be taken to strengthen theoretical research on the digital economy. 

 

第七，积极参与数字经济国际合作。要密切观察、主动作为，主动参与国际组织数字经济议题谈判，开展双多边数字治理合作，维护和完善多边数字经济治理机制，及时提出中国方案，发出中国声音。

 

Seventh, we should actively participate in international cooperation in the digital economy sphere. 

 

We must be proactive and observant in this regard; we should actively participate in negotiations within international organizations concerning the digital economy, carry out bilateral and multilateral cooperation on digital economy governance, and safeguard and improve the multilateral governance system for the digital economy by voicing our opinions and presenting our solutions. 

 

数字经济事关国家发展大局。我们要结合我国发展需要和可能，做好我国数字经济发展顶层设计和体制机制建设。要加强形势研判，抓住机遇，赢得主动。各级领导干部要提高数字经济思维能力和专业素质，增强发展数字经济本领，强化安全意识，推动数字经济更好服务和融入新发展格局。要提高全民全社会数字素养和技能，夯实我国数字经济发展社会基础。

 

The digital economy has a bearing on the overall development of China. We must develop a top-level design and relevant systems and mechanisms based on our development needs and potential. We must strengthen situational analysis to ensure that we seize opportunities and gain the initiative. Officials at all levels should improve their capacity for digital-economy thinking as well as professional competence to better develop the digital economy, enhance security awareness, and see that the digital economy serves, and is integrated into, the new development dynamic. We should also enhance the ability of our entire population and society to adapt to digitalization in order to solidify a sound social foundation for digital economy development. 

 

※这是习近平总书记2021年10月18日在十九届中央政治局第三十四次集体学习时讲话的主要部分。

 

* This was an excerpt of a speech delivered by General Secretary Xi Jinping at the 34th group study session of the Political Bureau of the 19th CPC Central Committee on October 18, 2021.