干货 | 法律英语词义辨析:放弃

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前言

不知道大家还记不记得大学考英语四级的时候,每次背单词翻开书的第一个单词,反正小编是记忆犹新啦,每次看到这个单词小编就觉得这是在暗示我要尽早放弃,及时行乐,强行甩锅这个单词。(小编是绝对不会承认自己懒的)



那么法律英语中与放弃相关的词汇有哪些呢,让我们一起来学习一下吧。


1、Abandon / Relinquish / Renounce

 抛弃、放弃


abandon

主要指因挫折、气馁、厌倦、厌恶等原因而放弃或中止某事(包括权利或义务) ,或遗弃财产,且有永远不再主张之含义。

(to denote a complete giving up, especially of what one has previously been interested in or responsible for.)

例如:

中止犯罪(to abandon a crime) 

撤销合同(to abandon a contract)

离弃子女(to abandon a child)

在家庭法上,尤指“离弃”配偶或家庭成员(有离开而不再归来的含义)

(Family law, to leave a spouse or child willfully and without an intention to return. )


relinquish

含义最广,可用于指权利或财产等的放弃,常表示自愿(虽然有时也表示被迫) ,故常无暴力行为或强烈情感相伴随。

(a word wide in meaning, usu. does not suggest forceful action or strong feeling in dropping, desisting, renouncing; it sometimes suggests regret at giving up or delay in the process.)


renounce 

指自愿或正式宣布放弃某事。

(Renounce means to declare against or give up formally and definitively.)

例如:to renounce one's claim, right, authority, principle.


2、Abandonment / Desertion / Waiver

 放弃


abandonment

为通用词,可用于放弃诉讼、财产、各种权利、理由等;家庭法上指“离弃”配偶或子女,主要强调离开且不准备返回之行为,有一去不复返的含义。

(The act of leaving a spouse or child willfully and without an intent to return.)


desertion

常用作指放弃应当履行的责任或义务,尤指不服兵役或遗弃配偶或家庭成员;在遗弃配偶等时主要强调未尽责任义务而非一定有离开之实际行为。

(Separation of one spouse from the other, with a deliberate intention and, without reasonable cause and the other spouse's consent, to end cohabitation permanently. )

(如constructive desertion,只要终止同居行为即可构成desertion),故为“遗弃”,也称为gross neglect of duty。


waiver 

通常用于表示对某种权利的放弃。

(the renunciation, repudiation, abandonment, or surrender of some claim, right prvilege, or of the opportunity to take advantage of some defects, irregularity , or a legal wrong.)


3、Abandonment / Rescission

合同的“撤销”,尤其是在土地买卖合同中


abandonment

仅指合同一方接受另一方当事人所造成的不予履行合同之情,(merely the acceptance by one party of the situation that a nonperformance party has caused.)另一方所导致的违约后果并不严重。


rescission

指合同一方当事人在有充足理由,如因另一方严重违约( material breach)而终止或解除所有合同责任和义务;它是无过错当事人(non-breaching party)最常寻求的一种衡平法上的救济(equitable judicial remedy)和保护方法,其可使得双方当事人回复到合同之前的状况。(restore the parties to their precontractual positions.)



以上是小编给大家找的关于abandon的三组词汇,是不是觉得就连简单的放弃都那么难呀,所以说我们不要轻言放弃,要跟着小编学一起up up,学习法律英语,走向人生巅峰!想想就有点小激动,废话不多说,小编要去学习啦。


(本文转自公众号“律蚁语言服务社”,已获授权)



发布于 2020-05-29 09:35:21
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