前言

在日常生活中，我们可以看到在一些犯罪分子被判刑之后，比如贪官污吏被判刑之后，法院会将他们的财产进行扣押。那么在法律英语中，表示财产扣押的词汇又有哪些呢，又该如何界定它们呢，接下来我们就一起来辨析一下。

Detention/ Attachment/ Garnishment/ Capture/ Levy/ Seizure/ Distress

扣押财产

NO.1  detention

多指非法扣押他人财产，与detainer同义，常为一种违法（wrongful）行为。

Custody of property; especially, an employee's custody of the employer's property without being considered as having legal possession of it.        

               ——Black's Law Dictionary

例如：

教改羁押(detention in a reformatory)

无审羁押(detention without trial)

NO.2  attachment

指得到法院的命令且由法庭官员予以执行的对债务人财产的扣押，如防止被告转移财产或迫使其到庭解决债务纠纷等。

The seizing of a person's property to secure a judgment or to be sold in satisfaction of a judgment.      

              ——Black's Law Dictionary

例如：

工资扣押(attachment of wages)

临时扣押(provisional attachment)

NO.3  garnishment

指对第三人保管的债务财产之扣押，包括对债务人的工资的扣押，目的是用其偿还债务。

A judicial proceeding in which a creditor asks the court to order a third party who is indebted to or is bailee for the debtor to turn over to the creditor any of the debtor's property held by that third party.  

              ——Black's Law Dictionary

例如：

扣押留置权(garnishment lien)

非法债权扣押(wrongful garnishment)

NO.4  capture

“捕获”，多用于国际法中，指交战国扣押敌国或载有应予没收货物的中立国船舶的权利，以及交战国对陆地上非私人财产(即战利品)的扣押；在民法中，其指捕获不属于他人的鱼类、飞禽和野兽从而获得该财产的一种方式。

1. Property. The doctrine that if the donee of a general power of appointment manifests an intent to assume control of the property for all purposes and not just for the purpose of appointing it to someone, the donee captures the property and the property goes to the donee's estate. 

2. Property. The principle that wild animals belong to the person who captures them, regardless of whether they were originally on another person's land. 

              ——Black's Law Dictionary

例如：

Allied troops captured over 300 enemy soldiers.

The animals are captured in nets and sold to local zoos.

NO.5  levy

指执行判决扣押债务人之动产或不动产，同时拍卖以偿还债务。

To take or seize property in execution of a judgment <the judgment creditor may levy on the debtor's assets>. 

              ——Black's Law Dictionary

例如：

集体征收(levy en masse)

征税委员会(levy court)

NO.6  seizure

指因违法或执行判决等扣押财产的行为,其与capture的区别在于capture是由军队实施的，而seizure则是由文官政府实施的。

The act or an instance of taking possession of a person or property by legal right or process; in constitutional law, a confiscation or arrest that may interfere with a person's reasonable expectation of privacy.  

              ——Black's Law Dictionary

例如：

查封令(seizure warrant)

推定的扣押(constructive seizure)

NO.7  distress

指扣押债务人之动产（goods）以还债，尤指地主（房东）扣押财产以求佃户（房客）偿还租金。

1. The seizure of another's property to secure the performance of a duty, such as the payment of overdue rent. 2. the legal remedy authorizing such as a seizure; the procedure by which the seizure is carried out. 

              ——Black's Law Dictionary

例如：

遇险损害赔偿(constructive seizure)

全部扣押(grand distress)

好了，以上就是本期的全部内容啦，各个“扣押财产”之间的区别记清楚了吗？如果小伙伴喜欢我们的推送，请记得点赞哦！

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（本文转自公众号“律蚁语言服务社”，已获授权）