前言

父母抛弃孩子、主人抛弃宠物这类令人难以认同的事在生活中时有发生，或因为经济问题，或因为社会问题等。抛弃生命是一个沉重的话题，无论出于什么苦衷，这都是社会主流意识所不能接受的。所以，我们本期的词汇就是“抛弃”。

Forswear/ Abjure/ Disavow/ Disclaim/ Disown

抛弃、否认

forswear

指发誓抛弃或公开承认某种行为有罪或有过错，强烈表示希望完全放弃此种行为，故该单词具有一种悔罪或忏悔的内涵。

(Repudiate or renounce under oath；to stop doing or using something to make a promise that you will stop doing or using something.

——Black's Law Dictionary, Oxford Dictionary)

例如：

The country has not forsworn the use of chemical weapons.

The group forswears all worldly possessions.

The party was offered a share of government if it forswore violence.

abjure

常指正式宣布或宣誓放弃。

(To renounce formally or on oath.

——Black's Law Dictionary)

例如：

They were compelled to abjure their faith.

disavow

曾经指正式发誓否认，现在则常指拒绝承认某事有效或否认与他人的关系，如否认代理人未经授权的行为，或否认某授权的效力等。

(To disown; to disclaim knowledge of or responsibility for; to repudiate.

——Black's Law Dictionary)

例如：

The company disavowed the acts of its agent.

They disavowed claims of a split in the party.

Dr. Samuels immediately disavowed the newspaper story.

disclaim

可用于对责任的否认，更常用于指放弃原可属于自己的权利或资格。

(To state, usually. Formally, that one has no responsibility for, knowledge of, or involvement with something; to make a disclaimer about.

——Black's Law Dictionary)

例如：

The rebels disclaimed all responsibility for the explosion.

She disclaimed any knowledge of her husband's whereabouts.

The manufacturers disclaim all responsibility for damage caused by misuse.

disown

可指抛弃任何事物，此外，其还用于指否认并脱离与他人尤其是亲人的关系。

(To decide that you no longer want to be connected with or responsible for somebody or something.

——Oxford Dictionary)

例如：

Her family disowned her for marrying a foreigner.

The man who murdered the girl is no son of mine. I disown him.

I think my parents would disown me if I ever got a tattoo.

当未成年人被抛弃之后，会有一定概率被其他家庭收养，接下来我们就来辨析一下“收养”这一词汇在法律英语中的使用。

 Foster/ Adopt

对与自己无血缘关系的儿童进行像父（母）般的教育或抚养行为。

foster

一般是指在无正式的法律收养关系时对儿童的养育或抚养，其有些类似我国旧的婚姻法所规定的事实收养或由政府等指定的抚养，如儿童村里假定的母亲与她们负责养育的儿童之间的关系。如 foster father 或foster mother 应译为“非亲抚养养父”或“非亲抚养养母”。

(To give care to or promote the growth and development of something or somebody; especially, to give parental care to a child who is not one's natural or legally adopted child.

——Black's Law Dictionary)

例如：

长期寄养(long-term foster care)

寄养安置(foster-care placement)

寄养审查委员会(foster-care review board)

adopt

指收养人和被收养人之间已经履行且具有正式的收养法律关系，adopted father或adopted mother 才译为真正意义上的养父或养母。

(To take somebody else's child into your family and become its legal parent or parents.

——Oxford Dictionary)

例如：

She was forced to have her baby adopted.

There are hundreds of people desperate to adopt a child.

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（本文转自公众号“律蚁语言服务社”，已获授权）