我想只要了解过法律,想学法律英语的小伙伴对“传票”这个词都有一定的了解吧~但是你是否真正完全清楚在法律英语中表示“传票”的单词有哪些呢?下面就跟随小编,一起进入本周的词义辨析学习吧~
Process/ subpoena
summons/citation
writ of summons
writ of subpoena
以上词语均有“传票”的含义。
1
Process
可用作指法院签发的有关诉讼的各种通知,如诉讼通知书、传票、令状、出庭通知等。具体含义有两种:
1、 任何诉讼中的诉讼程序;
2、 传票或令状,尤指在法庭上出庭或作出回应的传票或令状。
英文释义:
process is so denominated because it proceeds or issues forth in order to bring the defendant into court, to answer the charge preferred against him, and signifies the writs or judicial means by which he is brought to answer.
The term “process” is not limited to “summons”. In its broadest sense it is equivalent to, or synonymous with“procedure”, or “proceeding” Sometimes the term is also broadly defined as the means whereby a court compels a compliance with its demands.
“Process” and “writ” or“writs” are synonymous, in the sense that every writ is a process, and in a narrow sense of the term “process” is limited to judicial writs in an action,or at least to writs or writings issued from or out of a court,under the seal thereof and returnable thereto; but it is not always necessary to construe the term so strictly as to limit it to a writ issued by a court in the exercise of its ordinary jurisdiction.
——Black’s Law Dictionary
2
Subpoena
subpoena则用于传唤证人以在审判时提供证词、书证等,而不是传唤诉讼当事人出庭的文件,故其应为“出庭通知”。可用作指法院签发的有关诉讼的各种通知,如诉讼通知书、传票、出庭通知等。具体有两种含义:
1. 送达出庭传票(例,向重要证人送达出庭传票);
2. 携证出庭传票中下令出示(文件或其他物品)(例,出示公司档案)。
英文释义:
To serve with a subpoena to appear before a court or other tribunal <subpoena the material witnesses> ;To order the production of(documents or other things)by subpoena duces tecum <subpoena the corporate records> .
——Black’s Law Dictionary
3
Summons
Summons传票,法院要求某人到庭所使用的一种正式书面文件。现该词在英美诉讼中的使用有所不同。
在美国,传票主要在下列情形使用:
①在民事诉讼中,当原告起诉后,法院书记官签发传票,交执行官或特别指定的人送达给被告,告知其原告已在该法院对其提起了诉讼,并要求其于指定日期到庭对原告的起诉作出答辩,否则,法院将会作出原告胜诉的缺席判决。因此,传票是开始一项民事诉的文件,法院通过传票的送达对当事人取得管辖权;
②在刑事诉讼中,对受到轻微犯罪或交通事故犯罪[ traffic offenses]指控的被告入,在不需逮捕的情况下,有权的司法官员(如治安法官[magistrate])应检察官的请求,可签发传票,传唤被告人到庭就指控作出答辩;
③召集某人到法院履行陪审员义务;
④传唤证人到庭作证。
在英格兰,该词主要在下列几种意义上使用:
①为特定目的传唤某人到庭或至某法官或治安法官面前的书面通知。
②在高等法院,当事人向法官室法官或主事官提出的申请[ application]。仅适用于一些次要的或通常无需开庭在法官室内即可处理的事务,如请求延长进行某行为的期限、请求技露和展示文件、给予有关程序方面的指示[ directions as to procedure]等。在王座庭,某些申请必须先由主事官听审,其他的则由法官首先听审对主事官的裁决不服的可上诉至法官室法官;对法官的裁决不服的,可上诉至分庭法庭[ Divisional Court]。在衡平庭,所有申请一律先由主事官听审,对其裁决不服的任当事人可将该申请提请法官室法官再次听审,法官也可将申请提交到法庭上辩论。
③在高等法院开始一项民事诉讼的令状,包括传唤令[ writ of summons]和初始传票[ originating summons](此外,高等法院的民事诉讼还可以初始申请[originating motion or petition]l开始)。
④在郡法院的诉讼中,起诉状[ plaint]提交后,即应向被告人签发和送达传票,要求其于指定日期到庭对原告的请求作出答辩,随传票还可附上原告的诉求详述[particulars of claims]。如果传票不能及时送达,还可签发后续传票[ successive summons]。在郡法院,传票还用于强令证人到庭,并可同时要求其披露所掌握的文件。
⑤在治安法院,对受到刑事指控[ information]或被要求偿债或被提起其他诉讼者,法院通常以传票令其到庭。在苏格兰,传票是指民事诉讼中的原告提出其诉讼请求的首份诉状,采用令状的形式,在送达给被告前,须经最高民事法院印章处[ Signet Office of the Court of Session]盖章[ passing the signet],其中要阐明其寻求法院给予的救济,陈述其事实根据[ condescendence]以及有利的法律主张[ plea-in-law],并要求被告出庭和作出答辩。( adjourned summons; statement of claim; writ of summons)
英文释义:
A writ or process commencing the Plaintiffs action and requiring the defendant to appear and answer;A notice requiring a person to appear in court as a juror or witness; Hist. A writ directing a sheriff to summon a defendant to appear in court;English law. The application to a common-law judge on which an order is made.
——Black’s Law Dictionary
4
writ of summons/ writ of subpoena
writ of summons(传票)一般在加拿大和英国等地适用,用于高等法院、最高法院等。
writ of subpoena(出庭通知)一般在加拿大和英国等地适用,多用于较低级的法院,如小额索赔法院( small claim court)、郡法院等。
英文释义:
writ of summons ( 17c) English law. A writ by which under the Judicature Acts of 1873-1875, all actions were commenced. See SUMMONS.
——Black’s Law Dictionary
5
citation
1、 法院传票由具有管辖权的法院签发的要求被传唤人于指定的日期和地点出庭并为所指定的行为,或者说明不应为的理由的令状。
2、 警方传讯由警方签发的要求某人于指定的日期到法官或治安法官面前对所受指控作出答辦的命令。它适用于轻微的违法行为。
3、 引证;引用;援引。指对法律权威如法院判决、宪法、制定法、专著等的引述。律师通常在口头及书面的法律辩论中运用对判例或法律的援引来确立或支持其观点或主张。在授引法院判例时,要写明该判例的名称及出处。在引用制定法时,同样要注明所引用的制定法的检索途径。
英文释义:
A court-issued writ that commands a person to appear at a certain time and place to do something demanded in the writ, or to show cause for not doing so; A police-issued order to appear before a judge on a given date to defend against a stated charge, such as a traffic violation.—Also termed appearance ticket; A reference to a legal precedent or authority, such as a case, statute, or treatise, that either substantiates or contradicts a given position.—Often shortened to (in sense 3) cite.
——Black’s Law Dictionary
(本文转自公众号“律蚁语言服务社”,已获授权)