说到大使，小蚁君第一个想到的就是我们的周恩来总理了，周总理的和平共处五项原则、日内瓦舌战十六国、智答美国记者等事迹无一不是外交的典范，他是人民的总理、最敬爱的人。

除此之外，小蚁君的新晋男神——王毅，也就是相貌堂堂、风度翩翩、才华横溢的现中国外交部长。

他在外交上以理服人、不怒自威的霸气，不卑不亢的应答中透露着我们的国家的硬气和风度。

在中日冲突面前，王毅态度强硬发出「日本输掉过战争，不要再输掉良知。」的声音。

分享部长经典语录：

1、中国欢迎一切善意的建议，但是我们拒绝一切无端的指责；

2、中国在自己的岛屿上建设防御设施，这是国防法赋予的自保权和自卫权，“军事化”这顶帽子扣不到中国头上，有更合适的国家可以戴；

3、历史终将证明，谁只是匆匆过客，谁才是真正的主人；

4、是非自有曲直，公道自在人心；

5、70年前日本输掉了战争，70年后日本不应再输掉良知；

6、让恐怖主义的幽灵无所遁形；

7、“中国脚步”走到哪里，“中国保护”就跟到哪里；

8、不是我们的一分不要，该是我们的寸土必保；

9、美韩执意要在韩国部署充满争议发萨德反导，中国从一开始坚决反对，因为引进萨德是一个错误的选择会使韩陷入更加不安全的境地，希望韩不要再一意孤行，否则结果只能是损人害己。

（注：2.3是针对南海事件的发言）

小伙伴们有没有被这个网友口中可帅气可霸气可亲切可威严风度翩翩还能偶尔“卖萌”人气颇高的外交部长圈粉呢？

对于外交方面，小蚁君还想要强调身为中国人的骄傲，在海外救援方面，有一种速度，叫做中国救援，海外同胞遇难时，中国外交救援团队总是能在第一时间到达灾难现场将中国同胞带回家，让海外同胞身在异乡也能感受到祖国温暖的怀抱。就连韩国明星都不禁在综艺节目中发出羡慕的感叹。

关于外交世界，小蚁君准备分为三期来给大家介绍，分别介绍大使的词义辨析、驻外国的外交衔级和驻NGO的代表衔级，首先我们一起来学习一下大使的词义辨析吧。

Ambassador / envoy / minister

legate / nuncio / plenipotentiary

上述单词均有国家使节的意思

Ambassador

Ambassador

n．大使   

①A diplomatic officer of the highest rank, usu. designated by a government as its resident representative in a foreign state. Ambassadors represent the sovereign as well as the country and enjoy many privileges while abroad in their official capacity, including immunity. Ambassadors are distinguished from ministers and envoys, who represent only the state where they are from and not the sovereign. Ambassadors are also generally distinguished from certain legates who have only ecclesiastical authority. But the papal nuncio and some legates, such as the legat a latere, bear the bank of ambassador.

②A representative appointed by another.

③An unofficial or nonappointed representative. -Also spelled (archaically) embassador.

例如：

【ambassador extraordinary】

An ambassador who is employed for a particular purpose or occasion and has limited discretionary powers. Cf. ambassador plenipotential.

【ambassador plenipotentiary】

An ambassador who has unlimited discretionary powers to act as a sovereign’s or government’s deputy, esp. to carry out a particular task, such as treaty negotiations. -Also termed minister plenipotentiary; envoy plenipotentiary. Cf. ambassador extraordinary.

——Black's Law Dictionary 

一国派驻外国，代表本国政府同该外国政府办理国际事务的最高等级的外交代表，享有完全的外交特权与豁免。

——元照英美法词典

Envoy

Envoy

n. 使者；使节；公使

①A high-ranking diplomat sent to a foreign country to execute a special mission or to serve as a permanent diplomatic representative. —Formerly also termed envoy extraordinary.

②A messenger or representative.

例如：

【envoy extraordinary】

Int'l law.

Someone who heads a legation rather than an embassy. In current usage, the term is honorific and has no special significance.

——Black's Law Dictionary 

Minister

Minister

①部长；大臣

②公使；（泛指）外交使节（public minister）

③代理人

①A person acting under another's authority; an agent.

②A prominent government officer appointed to manage an executive or administrative.

③A diplomatic representative, esp. One ranking below an ambassador.

例如：

【foreign minister】

①A minister of foreign affairs. who in many countries is equivalent to the U.S. Secretary of State. 

②An ambassador, minister, or envoy from a foreign government.

【minister plenipotentiary】

A minister ranking below an ambassador but possessing full power and authority as a governmental representative, esp. as an envoy of a sovereign ruler. This officer is often regarded as the personal representative of a head of state.

【public minister】

A high diplomatic representative such as an ambassador, envoy, or resident, but not including a commercial representative such as a consul.

——Black's Law Dictionary 

例如：

minister of state【（英）国务大臣】 联合王国政府中低于部门首脑但高于政务次官的

Minister of the Crown【（英）王国政府大臣】 在联合王国政府中担任主要政治职务的官员。一些大臣，包括首相枢密大臣、掌玺大臣、财政部主计长等没有或只有形式上的部门职权。就首相来说，是全面监管政府事务，上述其他大臣则承担所赋予的特定任务，但主管具体部门的大臣仍占多数。大臣由首相提名，国王任命，可以是内阁成员，也可不是，但按惯例，均应是议会议员，主要来自下议院。大臣的主要职责是根据政府总政策制定与执行本部门的政策，向议会说明政策的合法性，引导涉及本部门的议会立法，并回答议会质询。大臣应对本部门工作全面负责，承担失误责任，甚至引咎辞职。

minister plenipotentiary【全权公使】 拥有作为政府代表的全部权力的公使，与一般公使有显著区别。在官阶上虽无专门规定，但习惯上其地位仅次于大使，与特命全权公使同级。

minister plenipotentiary and envoy extraordinary 【特命全权公使】

Minister without Portfolio【（英）不管部大臣；无住所大臣 】 联合王国政府中没有专属部门但可担任特别或临时任务的大臣，其地位相当于内阁成员或国务大臣［Minister of State]大臣，一般不是内阁成员，通常在任务广泛、责任重大的政府部门设置此职，协助或代表内阁大臣并对该部的主要任务承担半独立责任。

——元照英美法词典

Legate

Legate

教廷使节

[fr. Latin legare "to send as an envoy"]

①Roman law. An official who undertakes a specialmission for the emperor, or an official or body such as amunicipality.

②Roman law. A person deputed to assist or act for the emperor, a governor, or a general in a military or administrative activity.

③A papal representative who may or may not have both diplomatic and ecclesiastical status; a diplomatic agent of the Vatican.

——Black's Law Dictionary 

 教廷使节 指由教皇派往天主教国家，代表教皇在该国行使教皇权力的使节。（＝papal legates）

——元照英美法词典

Nuncio

Nuncio

n.（拉）罗马教皇的使节；廷使节；教廷大使

[fr. Latin nunciare “to announce"]

①A papal ambassador to a foreign court or government; a representative of the Vatican in a country that maintains diplomatic relations with it.

②Archaic. A messenger.

——Black's Law Dictionary 

Plenipotentiary

 Plenipotentiary

 n．全权代表  通常用于外交代表。

Someone who has full power to take action or make decisions, esp. as a representative of a government in a foreign country; a person fully commissioned to act for another. 

——Black's Law Dictionary 

（本文转自公众号“律蚁语言服务社”，已获授权）