Transfer /Assignment
Conveyance /Negotiation
以上四个单词均有“转让”的含义。
Transfer
n.
1、转换;转移。指对财产或其利益进行处理和分割的任何方式,包括金钱的支付、免除债务、租赁、设置负担等,也包括财产权的保留;它可以采用直接或间接、无条件或附条件、自愿或强制等各种类型的方法。
2、流通。指按照法律形式进行票据流通,包括通过背书、支付、转让和法律规定等方式。
3、转让。指财产或所有权等的让与。
v.
1、移转。尤指改变占有或支配。
2、卖给;赠给。
英文释义:
1.Any mode of disposing of or Parting with an asset or an interest in an asset, including a gift, the payment of money, release, lease, or creation of a lien or other encumbrance.
2.Negotiation of an instrument according to the forms of law.
3.A conveyance Property or title from one person to another.
——Black’s Law Dictionary
Assignment
v.
(财产,权利的)转让;让与在更特别的意义上,动词转让意指转让动产、属地动产[ chattels real]或在不动产或动产上的一定权利。该词特别地被经常应用于土地、动产、权利动产[ chose in action]及无体实产[incorporeal chattels]、租赁产[ lease]、定期地产[ terms of years]和终身权益[life interests]的转移。动词转让是一个专门的关键性术语,但任何关于全面的权利转让的意思表示即构成名词的转让。通过出售的转让是为了金钱的“绝对的转让”,而通过抵押[ mortgag]和卖据[ bill of sale]而进行的转让是一种债务担保。
n.
1、(财产,权利的)转让;让与根据普通法,土地出租人[ lessor]尽管已将他的归复权[ reversion]转让给了第三人,但在继续生效的土地合同上仍然对他的土地承租人[lessee]负责。同样一个土地承租人,尽管已将他的使用期限转让给了第三人,也仍对他的土地出租人负责。土地使用期限的受让人[assignee]在他的土地占有期间对于土地出租人,与土地承租人负有同样的责任。虽然在转让契据中的损失赔偿条款中,他通常是只对土地出租人有责任的,但是他可以把自己的使用权转让给一个穷人,或一个替身,借以逃脱租约的责任,除非转让契据限定他不能如此行为。即使在转让了定期地产权之后,如果定期地产权转让人在合约中表达了要付租金的责任,他就仍有责任向土地出租人付租金(由定期地产权的受让人[ assignee]向转让人[ assignor](承租人)付租金,再由后者向土地出租人付租金)。转让定期地产权必须以双方(或他的代理人)的书面签名作为证据。定期地产权转让即转让整个定期地产权,转让或转卖任何不是整个定期地产权的权益,叫做分租[ underlease]。但是对于整个定期地产权来说,分租实际上也是一种转让。
2、转让的财产(权利);让与的财产(权利)。
3、让与证书;委托证书。
英文释义:
1.The transfer of rights or property <assignment of stock options>.
2. he rights or property so transferred <the aunt assigned those funds to her niece,who promptly invested the assignment in mutual funds>.
——Black’s Law Dictionary
Conveyance
n.
1、不动产(权)转让;不动产(权)转让契据。指通过书面文件及其他方式,使土地所有权由一人向他人进行自愿移转。在广义上,它也包括土地的转让[assignment]、出租[ lease]、抵押[ mortgage]与财产负担[encumbrance]有时,该词即指不动产转让契据[deed]本身。
2、财产(权)转移;财产(权)转移证书。在最广泛的意义上,该词亦可指包括动产在内的所有财产的转让。例如美国《统一防止欺诈性转让法》[ Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act]即把该词解释为“包括对有体财产或无体财产的付款转让、转移、出租、抵押或质押,也包括创设任何留置或财产负担”。
英文释义:
1.The voluntary transfer of a right or of property.
2.The transfer of a property right that does not pass by delivery of a thing or merely by agreement.
3.The transfer of an interest in real property from one living person to another, by means of an instrument such as a deed.
4.The document(usu a deed)by which such a transfer occurs.
5.A means of transport; a vehicle.
6.Bankruptcy. A transfer of an interest in real or personal property, including an assignment, a release, a monetary payment, or the creation of a lien or encumbrance.—Also termed (in sense 6)bond for deed.
——Black’s Law Dictionary
Negotiation
n.
转让由一人向另一人转移汇票或其他流通证券,从而使受让人成为票据持有人。
英文释义:
1.A consensual bargaining process in which the parties attempt to reach agreement on a disputed or potentially disputed matter.
2.Dealings conducted between two or more parties for the purpose of reaching an understanding.
3.At common law, the transfer of an instrument by delivery or indorsement whereby the transferee takes it for value, In good faith, and without notice of conflicting title claims or defenses.
4.The transfer of possession of an instrument, whether voluntary or involuntary, by a person other than the issuer to a person who thereby becomes its holder.
——Black’s Law Dictionary
(本文转自公众号“律蚁语言服务社”,已获授权)