Lagan/Jetsam/Flotsam
三者都可在海商法中用于指海上的漂流物。
Lagan
n.
系标投弃物指船只遇险时,船上的人为减轻船只负载而系在浮标上投入海中,以备事后打捞的货物。
lagan(也称为 legend, lagon, ligan, ligen,ogan)(系标投弃物)和jetsam(投弃物)都是指船舶遇到风暴或其他危险时为减轻船载而故意投向大海的货物( goods deliberately thrown over to lighten ship),区别在于 lagan是指货主为今后寻找到它们,故在货物上系有浮( goods cast into the sea tied to a buoy so that they may be found again by the owner)的投弃物。
英文释义:
Goods that are abandoned at sea but attached to a buoy so that they may be recovered.
——Black’s Law Dictionary
Jetsam
n.
沉入海底的抛货指因船舶在海上遇风暴或其他紧急情事,为减轻船货重量而被迫自愿抛投的货物,且于此后被弃沉于海底。它与其他抛货有所不同,例如被抛投而漂浮于海面的货物为“ flotsam”、系有浮标以便于日后寻找的沉入海底的抛货为“ligan”。在英国,上述任一种抛投货物均属于王室,除非其所有人在此后提出主张。
jetsam则属于完全放弃情况下未系标志的投弃货物。在英国, jetsman如被重新发现,除原所有人有权请求偿还外,应属于国王所有。
英文释义:
The portion of a ship's cargo and equipment that is(1)thrown overboard in an effort to save the ship from a perilous condition on, and that(2)either sinks beneath the surface or is washed ashore.
——Black’s Law Dictionary
Flotsam
n.
漂浮物指为船舶的安全而抛入海中或因沉船而漂浮于海面的物品。
flotsam(海上漂流物)(也称为 floatage, flotage)除包括为减轻船载而有意投弃的货物外,还包括失事船舶中漂出的物品( goods which float upon the sea when cast overboard for the safety of the ship or when a ship is sunk),若在1年零1天内货物所有人不予认领,该货物即归王室所有。
英文释义:
Goods and debris, esp. Those from a shipwreck, that float on the surface of a body of water.
——Black’s Law Dictionary
(本文转自公众号“律蚁语言服务社”,已获授权)