Barter/Exchange
Swap/Trade
以上单词均有“易货贸易”的意思。
其中, barter为最正式和典型术语,常指不使用任何具抽象价值的中介物,也不用任何中间人,自己直接以物换物,如农夫用粮食交换靴子( barter grain for boots)。倘若农夫不是为自己使用而换取靴子,而是用靴子交換其他物品或用于其他目的,此时则可以说他是想 trade the boots with sb else for sth he really wants。在bartering和trading中,人们必须 exchange one item for another。swap可用作等同 barter,但其没有 barter正式。
1
Barter
n.物物交换;交换品。
广义上,它包括物品互易[trade]和借助现金完成的买卖[sale]。
英文释义:
The exchange of one commodity or service for another without the use of money.
——Black’s Law Dictionary
2
Exchange
v.交换;兑换
n.交换;交易所;兑换;交战
exchange of goods易货(交易)。
英文释义:
An organization that brings together buyers and sellers of securities,commodities, and the like to promote uniformity customs and usages of merchants, to facilitate In the peed adjustment of business disputes, to gather and disseminate valuable commercial and economic information, and to secure to its members the benefits of cooperation in the furtherance of their legitimate pursuits. The best known exchanges are stock, produce, livestock, cotton,and grain exchanges.
——Black’s Law Dictionary
3
Swap
n.掉换;互换交易。
①证券掉换交易,出售一种有价证券同时购入另一种,用于改变证券的到期日期或证券发行的性质,也可用于改变投资目标;
②外汇掉期交易,在外汇市场上买进或卖出即期外汇,同时又卖出或买进远期外汇,用于更动原已确定的收付日期及调剂不同到期日的头寸余缺,其目的是套利或套汇;
③换拨贸易,当事人间同意以换拨方式将其货品就近运到对方客户的一种交易。这种交易方式与易货贸易[ barter]类似,不涉及现金,不同的是:换拨贸易至少牵涉到四方当事人,且货物在不同地点交换拨运,以节省运费。
英文释义:
1. An exchange of one security for another.
2. A financial transaction between two parties, usu. Voting an intermediary or dealer. In which payments or rates are exchanged over a specified period and according to specified conditions.
——Black’s Law Dictionary
4
Trade
n. 贸易,交易;行业;职业
vi. 交易,买卖;以物易物
vt. 用…进行交换
英文释义:
1. The business of buying and selling or bartering goods or services.
2. A transaction or swap.
3. A business or industry occupation; a craft or profession.
——Black’s Law Dictionary
(本文转自公众号“律蚁语言服务社”,已获授权)