干货 | 法律英语词义辨析:免罪

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Absolve/Exonerate/Pardon

Forgive/Vindicate/Exculpate


以上单词均有免罪或免除责任或惩罚的含义

Absolve

v. 

免予处罚(一般对轻罪),赦免(罪行)Com. acquit,免除(债务、义务、责任等)

absolve sb. from an obligation免除某人的一项债务/absolve sb. from sin(宗教上的)赦免某人的罪。

absolve, exonerate,pardon,forgive,vindicate,exculpate均有免罪或免除责任或惩罚的含义。absolve主要指免除对某行为的责任或义务,如 he was absolved from his promise(他不必履行诺言了),以及免除因未履行此责任或义务而应受的惩罚; exonerate主要指解除对侵权等不法行为的指控或指责,并强调消除今后的嫌疑;pardon指赦免罪行,the prisoner was pardoned by the governor(州长赦免了该罪犯); forgive指放弃要求惩罚的权利且去掉厌恶或复仇的念头或情感;vindicate指通过提供指控或指责不公平的证据而使受指控或指责者免除责任或罪过;exculpate指免去指控或惩罚,或证明无辜或无过失,它与 exonerate的主要区别在于其适用范围较广,可适用于所有的罪行,即不管是否提起过指控,也不管受指控的行为是否合法。

英文释义:

1. To release from an obligation,debt,or responsibility.

2. To free from the penalties for misconduct.

——Black’s Law Dictionary


Exonerate

v. 

免责,解除义务(限制等),开释,免罪(责),证明无罪。

主要指解除对侵权等不法行为的指控或指责,并强调消除今后的嫌疑。

英文释义:

1. To free from responsibility .

2. To clear of all blame; to officially declare (a person)to be free of guilt .

3. To free from encumbrances.

——Black’s Law Dictionary


Pardon

v. 

赦免,特赦,赦免令状。

指赦免罪行,免除刑罚,如 prisoner was pardoned by the governor。

英文释义:

1. The act or an instance of officially nullifying punishment or other legal consequences of a crime.

2. Eccles. law. An indulgence; a remission of temporal punishment by divine justice through the sacrament of penance.

——Black’s Law Dictionary

Forgive

v.

豁免,原谅,宽恕。

指因同情或怜悯,个人放弃本应要求惩罚的权利,或去掉所厌恶或复仇的念头或情感。


Vindicate

v.

辩护,辩解,确认(或主张)(自己的权益)坚持认为,证明有理,[罗]主张法律权利,(以诉讼)索回(权利、财产等),捍卫(权益)清除(嫌疑、责备、批判等,指通过提供指控或指责不公平的证据而使受指控或指责者免除责任或罪过。

 Vindicate one's honor捍卫荣誉/Vindicated by results被结果所证明/ He attempted to Vindicate the sword he had lend his cousin.他企图收回自己借给表弟的剑/ The borrower Vindicated its interest in court when the lender attempted to foreclose.当贷方企图取消抵押物之回赎权时,借方则诉诸法庭以捍卫自己的权益/ The claimants sought to Vindicate their rights through a class-action proceeding.权利主张者们试图通过集团诉讼确认自己的权利。

英文释义:

1. To clear(a person or thing)from suspicion, criticism, blame, or doubt .

2. To assert, maintain, or affirm(ones interest)by action .

3. To defend(ones interest)against interference or encroachment <the borrower vindicated its interest in court when the lender tried to foreclose>.

4. Roman civil law. To assert a legal right to (a thing); to seek recovery of(a thing)by legal Process .

——Black’s Law Dictionary

Exculpate 

v.

免责,开脱罪责。

指免去指控或惩罚,或证明无辜或无过失,它与 exonerate的主要区别在于其适用范围较广,可适用于所有的罪行,即不管是否提起过指控,也不管受指控的行为是否合法。

英文释义:

To free from blame or accusation; esp, to prove not guilty.

——Black’s Law Dictionary


(本文转自公众号“律蚁语言服务社”,已获授权)

发布于 2020-06-01 09:49:39
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