Apprehension/Arrest

Attachment/Seizure

这些单词均有“逮捕或拘捕"的含义。

其中，apprehension和arrest都是指刑事拘捕，可互换使用，apprehension是指将罪犯抓获并予以拘禁，arrest则指对正在实施犯罪的人或被怀疑实施了犯罪的人进行的实际管束，尤指将某人拘押以送警察局进行刑事指控。attachment多用于民事上的拘押，常指对债务人的人身进行拘捕以迫使其到庭解决债务纠纷。seizure所指的拘捕有两种含义，一是达到 arrest的程度，另一种则是短时间拘捕以讯问或调查(等同stop)。根据宪法规定，两种情况对逮捕令( warrant)的要件要求也就不同。

Apprehension

n.

逮捕，拘押，占有，认识，知悉，相信，恐惧，担心。

Apprehension of a criminal 逮捕罪犯

Apprehension of a felon 拘捕重罪犯

Apprehension of battery 担心斗殴

Apprehension of danger 担心有危险

Apprehension of injury 害怕受到伤害

英文释义：

1. Seizure in the name of the law；arrest <apprehension of a criminal>.

2. Perception; comprehension; belief <the tort of assault requires apprehension by the plaintiff of imminent contact>.

3. Fear and anxiety about the future, esp. about dealing with an unpleasant person or a difficult situation <most people approach public speaking with some apprehension>. 

——Black’s Law Dictionary

Arrest

n.

①扣押，拘留，拘捕，逮捕，拘禁，[海](依法院令状)扣船(有时包括货物)，终止，中止。

②逮捕，拘捕，拘留，拘禁，扣押，扣船。

Arrest ordinance 逮捕条例(令)

Arrest procedure 逮捕程序

Arrest warrant 速捕令，拘捕令(在普通法系国家一般由法官治安官、司法行政官或太平绅士等签发，也称为 warrant of arrest。)

英文释义：

1. A seizure or forcible restraint, esp. by legal authority.

2. The taking or keeping of a person in custody by legal authority, esp. in response to a criminal charge;specif., the apprehension of someone for the purpose of securing the administration of the law, esp. of bringing that person before a court.

3. Maritime law. The taking of a ship and sometimes its cargo into custody by virtue of a court's warrant.

——Black’s Law Dictionary

Attachment

n.

拘捕(因蔑视法庭罪或拖欠债务等)，(对债务人财产的)扣押(查封)(指法院在判决前将债务人的财产移至另外场所加以扣留或在原地封存，不准被执行人占有使用和处分的行为。其为最严厉的一种诉前救济程序，可对债务人一切非除外财产，即可用于偿债的财产按申请数额予以扣押，债权人滥用该程序要受到严厉处罚，也称为 writ of arrest，provisional arrest。相比之下，sequestration指判决前债权人申请的对特定的其具有担保权益的财产的扣押，是最常用的一种诉前保全措施。而garnishment则指“债权扣押”，可适用于判决前或后，是当事人对案外人提起的另一独立诉讼程序，要求法院扣押债权人在案外人处的债权或由其保管的财产以清偿债务。当三个单词放在一起时，即attachment，sequestration and garnishment，如无需特殊解释，可笼统将其译为“对财产的查封、扣押以及对债权的扣押”。

Attachment bond (被告提供的)财产解押保函(原告可向签发者主张以确保判决的执行)

Attachment execution 扣押执行令

Attachment lien 扣押担保权(属于司法担保的一种，债权人对所扣押财产有优先主张的权利，也称为 lien of attachment。

Attachment of debt 债款扣押(指第三债务人因债务所受的法律约束)

Attachment of earnings 扣押工资(法庭命令被告的雇主扣押被告定比例的工资，并将其提交给法院。）

英文释义：

1. The seizing of a person's property to secure a judgment or to be sold in satisfaction o fa judgment.

2. The arrest of a person who either is in contempt of court or is to be held as security for the payment of a judgment.

3. A writ ordering legal seizure of property(esp to satisfy a creditors claim)or of a person.

4. The creation of a security interest in property, occurring when the debtor agrees to thee security, receives value from the secured party, and obtains rights in the collateral.

5. The act of affixing or connecting; something (as a document) that is affixed or connected to something else.

——Black’s Law Dictionary

Seizure

n.

依法占有，充公，没收(物)，占领，夺取，捕获，强取，扣留，扣押物。

Seizure goods 没收货物

Seizure notes 擒获私运货物单

Seizure warrant 扣押令(多指执法官员对犯罪所得财产或犯罪工具的扣押或没收，常与搜査令一起签发。）

Seizure and handing over 扭送

英文释义：

The act or an instance of taking possession of a person or property by legal right or Process; esp., in constitutional law, a confiscation or arrest that way interfere with a person's reasonable expectation of privacy.

——Black’s Law Dictionary

（本文转自公众号“律蚁语言服务社”，已获授权）