商事公司,是指有限责任公司和股份有限公司,股东对公司的对外债务以其出资为限承担责任,而公司则以其独立的财产对公司所负的债务对外承担无限责任。商事公司是一种筹集资金并把这样的资金用在近乎明确的营利目的上的公司。商事公司和非商事公司的大多数司法管辖权容易区别。每一类型经常都有各自单独的法规。
Business firm
Business company
Business corporation
上述词组都是有关公司的术语,它们所指的公司性质十分广泛,其包括所有为贏利目的而设立的公司或实体,包括法律、新闻印刷、娱乐、金融等各业,因而不能简单译为商业(商业公司应为commercial company/ corporation)或贸易公司(贸易公司应为trading company/ corporation),而应为“商事公司”。
Business corporation除作“商事公司”讲解外,还用作指“企业法人”;即从事生产经营,以创造社会财富,扩大社会积累,以营利为目的的法人,如工厂、商店、各种生产经营、服务性的合作组织、公司等。其与非生产性、非营利性的“非企业法人"(non- profit corporation或not-for- profit corporation)相对。
business firm则主要指性质属于合伙的商事公司或商事企业(参见company与firm之区别)。
Business firm
盈利性企业
英文释义:
A commercial organization that operates on a for-profit basis and participates in selling goods or services to consumers. The management of a business firm will typically develop a set of organizational objectives and a strategy for meeting those goals to help employees understand where the company is headed and how it intends to get there.
——Black’s Law Dictionary
Business company
营利性公司(凡以营利性为目的的企业均可称为Business company)
英文释义:
A voluntary association formed and organized to carry on a business. Types of companies include sole proprietorship, partnership, limited liability, corporation, and public limited company.
——Black’s Law Dictionary
Business corporation
盈利性社团法人(以营利性为目的的法人实体)
英文释义:
(1868)A corporation formed to engage in commercial activity for profit. Cf nonprofit corporation.
——Black’s Law Dictionary
(本文转自公众号“律蚁语言服务社”,已获授权)