担保[SECURITY]

提供担保即设定一种安排,当债务人未及时付款时,债权人据此除起诉债务人要求偿款的权利之外还享有某些权利(英法学家谢里丹语)。

[The qiving of security is the making of an arrangement under which the creditor is tohave some rights over and above the right to sue the debtor for the money if it is not duly paid:Sheridan]

 

提示:对卖方提供保护的非担保性安排:附条件买卖、租购、动产租赁、所有权保留。

[N. B.Nonsecurity arrangements protecting the supplier of goods:conditional sale,hire purchase,chattel leasing,reservation of title.]

 

担保可分为人的担保和物的担保两大类。

 

人的担保[PERSONAL SECURITY]

债权人获得对债务人以外的人提起诉讼的权利。

[The creditor obtains the right to sue someone other than the debtor .]

 

物的担保[REAL SECURITY]

债权人在土地或其他财产上获得某种权利,以帮助实现债权。

[The creditor obtains some right over land or other property in aid of payment. ]

 

人的担保可分为：保证、补偿和共同合同。

 

保证[GUARANTEE]

保证人保证如债务人违约即承担还款义务。

[Surety undertakes to pay if debtor defaults .)]

 

补偿[INDEMNITY]

保证人承担还款义务,无论债务人是否违约。

[Surety undertakes to pay irrespective of default by debtor .]

 

共同合同[JOINT CONTRACT]

保证人与债务人共同承诺履行还款义务，相对于债权人,保证人本身即为债务人。债权人与保证人之间的单独协议，保证人同意承担第一还款义务。

[Surety joins with debtor in agreeing to repay become a debtor himself vis-a-vis the creditor. Separate between creditor agreement and surety under which creditor(surety?) agrees to be primarily liable.]

 

物的担保可分为：占有性担保和财产权益担保。

 

占有性担保[POSSESSORY SECURITY]

债权人有权保留对财物的占有，直至债务获得清偿。

[Creditor is entitled to retain possession of goods until payment of debt .]

 

财产权益担保(非占有性担保)[PROPRIETARY SECURITY]

债权人享有为清偿债务而对某一财产进行追索的权利，即使其并未保留对该财产的占有。

[Creditor has an interest giving him rights of recourse against property for payment of debt even where he does not retain possession. ]

 

占有性担保可分为：留置和质押。

 

留置[LIEN]

债权人在债务获得清偿之前只能占有动产或文件,但其无权将之出售。

[Creditor may only retain possession goods documents or until payment of debt.He had no power of sale .]

 

质押[PLEDGE]

除保持占有，债权人在债务人违约时还通常有权将该动产出售。

[In addition to retaining possession ,creditor usually has power to sell goods in the event of default . )]

 

财产权益担保(非占有性担保)可分为：抵押和财产负担。

 

抵押[MORTGAGE]

债务人将其财产的所有权转移给债权人，并规定在债务清偿后所有权再归还。

[Debtor transfers ownership of asset to creditor with provision for retransfer on payment of debt . ]

 

财产负担[CHARGE]

无需任何形式以双方意思表示一致为已足的协议:授予债权人获得对出售财产所得的优先权以及其他可能的权利。

[Consensual agreement giving preferential creditor right to proceeds of sale of asset together with other possible rights.]

 

财产负担可分为：固定的财产负担和浮动的财产负担。

 

财产负担[CHARGE]

无需任何形式以双方意思表示一致为已足的协议:授予债权人获得对出售财产所得的优先权以及其他可能的权利。

[Consensual agreement giving preferential credit or right to proceeds of sale of asset together with other possible rights.]

 

浮动的财产负担[FLOATING CHARGE]

在具体决定之前，债务人有权将财产进行处分或在通常的商业活动中进行交易。

[Until crystallisation debtor retains right to dispose of or otherwise deal with asset in the ordinary course of business.l

 

来源：《元照英美法词典》