charge是一个含义丰富的词汇，在法律英语中，charge既可以做名词又可以做动词，常见的含义有三层:

charge  

n.

①指控（的犯罪）；控告（如a murder charge）

②陪审团指示（如jury charge）

③担保权利

v.

①指控

②（向陪审团）作出指示

③设定留置权或权利请求

常见的搭配

charge and discharge请求书和答辩书 （以前衡平法诉讼中，法庭要求当事人提交的账目文件。原告在请求书中应阐明其要求被告付款的项目，被告则在答辩书中说明其对原告的请求。请求书和答辩书均提交给主事法官[ master ]。）

charge and specifications<美>(军事法)(犯罪 )指控和(犯罪)详述 （指控告被提交到军事法庭审判的被告人犯有某一罪行，并对构成犯罪的行为或疏忽详加陈述的文书。）

charge account赊购制 （以赊购方式购买商品或获取服务，顾客允诺在一.确定的时间或分期支付货款。）

charge back 信用回收（指银行限制或取消一客户在其账户上开立支票的权利）

charge-back 债务抵消（指以一债务抵消另一债务）

charging clause 收费条款

charging document 指控文件

charging lien 优先权

例If any Director or other person shall become personally liable for the payment of any sum primarily due from the Company, the Directors may execute or cause to be executed any mortgage, charge, or security over or affecting the whole or any part of the assets of the Company by way of indemnity to secure the Director or person so becoming liable as aforesaid from any loss in respect of such liability.

【参考译文】倘若任何董事或其他人士须个人承担主要由本 公司结欠之任何款项，董事可透过弥偿保证方式签立或促成签立任何有关或影响本 公司全部或任何部分资产之按揭、押记或抵押，以确保因上文所述事宜而须负责之 董事或人士毋须就该等责任蒙受损失。 

例 The Company shall have a first and paramount lien on every share (not being a fully paid up share) for all moneys, whether presently payable or not, called or payable at a fixed time in respect of such share; and the Company shall also have a first and paramount lien and charge on all shares (other than fully paid up shares) standing registered in the name of a member (whether solely or jointly with others) for all the debts and liabilities of such member or his estate to the Company and whether the same shall have been incurred before or after notice to the Company of any equitable or other interest of any person other than such member, and whether the period for the payment or discharge of the same shall have actually arrived or not, and notwithstanding that the same are joint debts.

【参考译文】如股份（非缴足股款的股份）涉及任何已催缴或于规定时间应缴付的款项 （不论是否现时应缴付），公司就该款项对该股份拥有首要留置权；本公司 亦就股东或其财产或遗产欠本公司的所有债务与负债而对登记于该股东名下 （不论单独或与他人联名）的全部股份（缴足股款股份除外）拥有首要留置 权及抵押权，而不论有关债务与负债是否于通知本公司任何人士（该股东除 外）的任何衡平权益或其他权益之前或之后产生，以及不论有关债务与负债 的付款或解除期间是否已实际到临，即使有关债务与负债为该股东或其承继 人及任何其他人士（不论该人士是否为本公司股东）的共同债务或负债。

例 When charged with an offence, the defendant has the right to be told promptly of the offence and not to be tried or punished twice for the same offence.

【参考译文】被指控犯罪时，被告人有权被立即告知所指控的罪名，以及有权不因同一犯罪受到两次审判或惩罚。

参考

《元照英美法词典》

《英汉法律用语大辞典》（第2版）

《法律英语核心术语：实务基础》（屈文生）

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