claim一词既可以做动词,又可以做名词。在法律英语中常见的含义有以下几种:
claim
n.
①(对一项财产、权利、救济等提出的)权利要求;权利请求;权利主张
②请求权;权利;产权
③支付请求;赔偿请求;索赔
v.
①对提出权利要求或权利主张; 主张享有(权利)或拥有(财产)
②要求给予或占有;索取;认领
③要求赔偿;索赔
④宣称;声明;主张
⑤拥有;具有
例 If a claim for damage as described in this Clause is lodged by a third party against one of the parties, the latter party shall forthwith inform the other party thereof in writing.
【参考译文】假如此条款下的赔偿声明由第三方对买卖任何一方,该方应立即以书面形式通知另一方。
例 The seller shall not be liable for any claims unless they are made promptly after receipt of the goods and due opportunity has been given for investigation by the seller's own representatives・ Goods must not be returned except by permission of the seller.
【参考译文】 除非买方收到货物后即刻提出索赔,并给与 卖方的代表有调査的相当机会,否则卖方对于索赔不予负责。 除非获卖方同意,货物不得退回。
例 Despite the risks involved, the author had attempted to claim his rights through the courts and through administrative bodies.
【参考译文】尽管冒着巨大风险,提交人还是试图利用科特迪瓦的司法和行政机构行使其权利。
(PS:索赔条款(claim clause)在货物买卖合同中较为常见。在国际贸易上,买方收到的货物,如发生损害或与合同约定不符,可向有关负责人要求赔偿。买方索赔的对象通常有三个,即合同承运人(contract carrier )、保险公司(insurance company )及卖方(the seller) 对卖方的索赔,常见的是有关质量、数量、包装、交货等方面的索赔,这一类索赔范围甚广,责任也不易确定。 因此,为早日确定责任起见,通常即在买卖合同中订立索赔条款。)
参考
有道词典
《元照英美法词典》
《英汉法律用语大辞典》(第2版)
《法律英语核心术语:实务基础》(屈文生)