在法律文件的汉译过程中,经常会遇见waiver这个词,对这个词的处理总是要推敲半天。今天就结合《元照英美法词典》对waiver这个词的释义,来吃透这个词,并积累一下waiver的常见搭配,为以后顺畅翻译打下基石。
《元照》对waiver有两个释义:
① 放弃;权利放弃;弃权
指故意或自愿抛弃其明知的权利,或实施可以推定其该等权利的行为,或放弃其有权要求实施的行为,或者其在享有法律规定或合同约定的权利并明知相关的重大事实时,作为或不作为与其权利要求相矛盾的行为。诸如对请求权、权利、特权的放弃,或者在受到他人的侵权伤害后未对之提起请求,即是对法律规定的侵权行为的补救权的放弃。
放弃可以使明示的,也可以默示方式为之。例如,一承租人实施了违反租赁合同的行为,则依照法律规定出租人可以解除租赁,但出租人亦可在明知违约事实后,通过明确承诺不行使解除权的方式,或依接受租金的方式放弃其解除权。前一种方式即为明示的权利放弃,后一种则为默示的权利放弃。
权利放弃是建立在衡平法原则之上的,但亦为普通法法院所承认。在本质上,权利放弃是一种单方行为, 但无需因之受益的相对方的任何行为。
② 弃权证书;权利放弃证明
指某人据以放弃其法律权利或利益的书面文件。
waiver by election(of remedies)
因选择(补救方法)而产生的权利放弃
waiver of exemption
财产豁免权的放弃;
财产豁免权放弃条款
waiver of immunity
豁免权的放弃
waiver of premium clause
保险费免缴条款(保险单的条款之一)
waiver of proof of loss
损失证明的放弃
waiver of protest
拒绝证书的免除
waiver of right to appeal
上诉权的放弃
waiver of tort
放弃侵权之诉
express waiver
明示放弃;明示弃权书
lien waiver
留置权放弃
non-waiver clause
不弃权条款
partial waiver
部分弃权
waiver of a debt
免除债务
landlord waiver
业主弃权声明书
例句:
A waiver of liability form will be required of all participants.
所有参赛选手均须签署免责声明。
Nothing in this Memorandum is intended to be, or should be construed as a waiver of the privileges and immunities of either Party or its officers and employees, which privileges and immunities are hereby specifically reserved.
本备忘录无意或不得解释为任何一方或其管理人员和员工放弃特权和豁免权,因为据此备忘录他们的特权和豁免权明确得到保留。
A circular containing, inter alia, further information on the Acquisition, the Whitewash Waiver, the Consideration Share Issue, the recommendation of the Independent Board Committee and a letter of advice from the Independent Financial Adviser in relation to the Acquisition, the Consideration Share Issue and the Whitewash Waiver and the notice convening the TCC EGM will be despatched to the TCC Shareholders as soon as practicable.
港华燃气将于实际可行的情况下尽快向股东寄发通函,其中将包括收购事项、清洗豁免及发行对价股份的详细资料;独立董事委员会的推荐建议;独立财务顾问就收购事项、发行对价股份和清洗豁免的意见函;以及召开港华燃气股东特别大会的通告。
It is, however, understood that no waiver of immunity shall extend to any measure of execution.
当然放弃豁免不可包括任何执行措施。